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      Limnological dynamics in an artificial reservoir and intermittent river in the semi-arid region as a function of land use and occupation Translated title: Dinâmica limnológica em reservatório artificial e rio intermitente na região semiárida em função do uso e ocupação do solo

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Remote sensing coupled with the measurement of physical, chemical and biological variables is an important tool in water resource management. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the dynamics of the physical, chemical and biological variables of the waters of an intermittent river and an artificial surface reservoir using multivariate analysis and in response to land use and occupation in the hydrographic basin. The study was carried out in the hydrographic basin of the River Cruxati in four study areas (three river areas and one artificial reservoir), with images obtained from the OLI sensor of the Landsat-8 satellite. The limnological variables measured were pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and chlorophyll a. The limnological variables were analysed using Principal Component Analysis - PCA, Tukey's test and Cluster Analysis. Eutrophication of the areas under study was calculated using the Trophic State Index. The PCA allowed three components to be selected that indicated the quality of the surface water, river and artificial reservoir, explaining 88.57% of the total variance. The limnological variables responsible for the grouping were electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. Land use and occupation has influenced water quality in the stretches of river. Anthropisation has had an influence on the levels of dissolved oxygen, and the presence of agricultural areas has caused an increase in turbidity. However, the most conserved landscape (artificial reservoir) had the highest degree of eutrophication due to the difference in water dynamics between the lentic and lotic environments.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O sensoriamento remoto atrelado a mensuração de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas são importantes ferramentas para a gestão de recursos hídricos. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica das variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas das águas de rio intermitente e de reservatório superficial artificial por meio da análise multivariada e em resposta ao uso e ocupação dos solos de sua bacia hidrográfica. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Cruxati em quatro áreas de estudo (três áreas de rio e um reservatório artificial) e as imagens foram obtidas do sensor OLI do satélite Landsat-8. As variáveis limnológicas mensuradas foram: pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, nutrientes (nitrogênio total e fósforo total) e clorofila a. As variáveis limnológicas foram analisadas através da Análise de Componentes Principais - ACP, teste de Tukey e Análise de Agrupamento. A eutrofização das áreas estudadas foi calculada através do Índice do Estado Trófico. A ACP permitiu a seleção de três componentes indicadoras da qualidade das águas superficiais, rio e reservatório artificial, explicando 88,57% da variância total. As variáveis limnológicas responsáveis pelo agrupamento foram: condutividade elétrica; oxigênio dissolvido e a turbidez. O uso e ocupação do solo influenciou na qualidade da água dos trechos de rio. A antropização teve influência sobre o teor de oxigênio dissolvido e a presença de áreas agriculturáveis causou o aumento da turbidez. Porém, a paisagem mais conservada (reservatório artificial) foi a que apresentou maior grau de eutrofização devido a diferença na dinâmica hidrológica entre ambientes lênticos e lóticos.

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          Análise Multivariada de dados.

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            The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes

            The management of eutrophication has been impeded by reliance on short-term experimental additions of nutrients to bottles and mesocosms. These measures of proximate nutrient limitation fail to account for the gradual changes in biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient fluxes from sediments, and succession of communities that are important components of whole-ecosystem responses. Erroneous assumptions about ecosystem processes and lack of accounting for hysteresis during lake recovery have further confused management of eutrophication. I conclude that long-term, whole-ecosystem experiments and case histories of lake recovery provide the only reliable evidence for policies to reduce eutrophication. The only method that has had proven success in reducing the eutrophication of lakes is reducing input of phosphorus. There are no case histories or long-term ecosystem-scale experiments to support recent claims that to reduce eutrophication of lakes, nitrogen must be controlled instead of or in addition to phosphorus. Before expensive policies to reduce nitrogen input are implemented, they require ecosystem-scale verification. The recent claim that the ‘phosphorus paradigm’ for recovering lakes from eutrophication has been ‘eroded’ has no basis. Instead, the case for phosphorus control has been strengthened by numerous case histories and large-scale experiments spanning several decades.
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              Drought, floods and water quality: Drivers of a severe hypoxic blackwater event in a major river system (the southern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rca
                Revista Ciência Agronômica
                Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
                Universidade Federal do Ceará (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil )
                0045-6888
                1806-6690
                2021
                : 52
                : 1
                : e20207181
                Affiliations
                [3] Limoeiro do Norte CE orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará Brasil paulolimno@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola Brazil lopesfb@ 123456ufc.br
                [2] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Brazil mariaritand@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola Brazil erichpos0@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1806-66902021000100410 S1806-6690(21)05200100410
                10.5935/1806-6690.20210010
                8d1d52ec-50b4-470c-9afe-a6a29d055a03

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 February 2020
                : 04 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Scientific Article

                Qualidade da água,Eutrofização,Sensoriamento remoto,Análise estatística multivariada,Water quality,Eutrophication,Remote sensing,Multivariate statistical analysis

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