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      The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of dental procedures performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System: a syndemic perspective Translated title: O impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na oferta de procedimentos odontológicos realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde: uma perspectiva sindêmica

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of dental care procedures performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) nationally and by regions. Considering that the most underprivileged population disproportionately suffers with the reduction in dental care provision, the study hypothesis suggests the presence of a syndemic nature. Methodology: The SUS Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS) was assessed to gather data on dental care activities and procedures performed between April and July 2018, 2019, and 2020 by dentists registered in the SUS. The 30 most frequent activities and procedures performed by dentists were selected and classified into three categories (urgent dental care, nonemergency dental care, and case-dependent urgency procedures), based on the guidance for dental care during the pandemic published by the American Dental Association. Results: Results demonstrated a reduction in the provision of dental care of all categories during the pandemic. Urgency dental consultations and procedures in primary and specialized dental care services decreased by 42.5 and 44.1%, respectively, between 2020 and 2019. Non-urgent procedures decreased by 92.3%. Although decreases in dental care activities and procedures were reported in all Brazilian regions, the largest relative decreases in urgent procedures – that should have been maintained during the pandemic – occurred in the North and Northeast regions, which are the poorest regions of the country. Conclusions: These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a syndemic behavior. Further investigation into the pandemic-syndemic impacts on oral disease burden is necessary.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na oferta de atendimento odontológico pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil. Considerando que a população de menor nível socioeconômico sofre desproporcionalmente com a redução da oferta de atendimento odontológico, a hipótese do artigo sugere a presença de caráter sindêmico nessa situação. Métodos: O Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do SUS (SIA-SUS) foi utilizado para coletar os dados das atividades e procedimentos odontológicos realizados entre abril e julho de 2018, 2019 e 2020 por dentistas cadastrados no SUS. Os 30 procedimentos mais frequentes realizados por dentistas foram selecionados e classificados em três categorias (atendimento odontológico de urgência, atendimento odontológico não emergencial e atendimento de urgência dependente de casos), com base nas orientações para atendimento odontológico durante a pandemia em curso, publicadas pela Associação Odontológica Americana. Resultados: Houve uma redução na oferta de atendimento odontológico em todas as categorias durante a pandemia. As consultas e procedimentos odontológicos de urgência em serviços de atenção básica e especializada diminuíram 42,5 e 44,1%, respectivamente, entre 2020 e 2019. Os procedimentos não urgentes diminuíram 92,3%. Embora as reduções nas atividades e procedimentos odontológicos tenham ocorrido em todas as regiões brasileiras, as maiores quedas relativas aos procedimentos de urgência — que deveriam ter sido mantidas durante a pandemia de covid-19 — ocorreram nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, que são as mais pobres do país. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a pandemia covid-19 possui um comportamento sindêmico. Uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre os impactos da pandemia-sindemia na carga de doenças bucais é necessária.

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          Most cited references23

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          Critical Supply Shortages — The Need for Ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic

          New England Journal of Medicine
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            Oral diseases: a global public health challenge

            Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases globally and have serious health and economic burdens, greatly reducing quality of life for those affected. The most prevalent and consequential oral diseases globally are dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancers of the lips and oral cavity. In this first of two papers in a Series on oral health, we describe the scope of the global oral disease epidemic, its origins in terms of social and commercial determinants, and its costs in terms of population wellbeing and societal impact. Although oral diseases are largely preventable, they persist with high prevalence, reflecting widespread social and economic inequalities and inadequate funding for prevention and treatment, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). As with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), oral conditions are chronic and strongly socially patterned. Children living in poverty, socially marginalised groups, and older people are the most affected by oral diseases, and have poor access to dental care. In many LMICs, oral diseases remain largely untreated because the treatment costs exceed available resources. The personal consequences of chronic untreated oral diseases are often severe and can include unremitting pain, sepsis, reduced quality of life, lost school days, disruption to family life, and decreased work productivity. The costs of treating oral diseases impose large economic burdens to families and health-care systems. Oral diseases are undoubtedly a global public health problem, with particular concern over their rising prevalence in many LMICs linked to wider social, economic, and commercial changes. By describing the extent and consequences of oral diseases, their social and commercial determinants, and their ongoing neglect in global health policy, we aim to highlight the urgent need to address oral diseases among other NCDs as a global health priority.
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              The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities

              This essay examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for health inequalities. It outlines historical and contemporary evidence of inequalities in pandemics—drawing on international research into the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918, the H1N1 outbreak of 2009 and the emerging international estimates of socio-economic, ethnic and geographical inequalities in COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. It then examines how these inequalities in COVID-19 are related to existing inequalities in chronic diseases and the social determinants of health, arguing that we are experiencing a syndemic pandemic. It then explores the potential consequences for health inequalities of the lockdown measures implemented internationally as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the likely unequal impacts of the economic crisis. The essay concludes by reflecting on the longer-term public health policy responses needed to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not increase health inequalities for future generations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbepid
                Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
                Rev. bras. epidemiol.
                Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1415-790X
                1980-5497
                2021
                : 24
                : e210028
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Public Health School Brazil
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry Brazil
                Article
                S1415-790X2021000100202 S1415-790X(21)02400000202
                10.1590/1980-549720210028
                34076147
                8d2ee567-60bb-4a82-89e8-cd48e7ae03f4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 January 2021
                : 19 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Pandemias,Healthcare disparities,Infecções por coronavírus,Assistência odontológica,Saúde bucal,Disparidades em assistência à saúde,Coronavirus infections,Pandemics,Dental care,Oral health

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