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      Developing a More Tailored Approach to Patient and Public Involvement with Children and Families in Pediatric Clinical Research: Lessons Learned

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          Abstract

          Listening to, and acting on, the voices of children and families during clinical research and innovation is fundamental to ensuring enhanced pediatric health care, medicines development, and technological advances. While this is often discussed as an important step in ensuring patient-centered care, involving children and families across the life cycle of clinical research is not currently routine. The pediatric research community needs to address how to meaningfully involve children and families if they are to succeed in designing clinical research that suits the needs of pediatric patients and their families. This paper describes how an international community working under the umbrella International Children’s Advisory Network (iCAN) and European Young Person’s Advisory Group Network (eYPAGnet) has involved children and families in the design and delivery of pediatric clinical research. It offers practical solutions through various case studies assessed against seven patient engagement quality criteria within the Patient Engagement Quality Guidance (PEQG) tool, highlighting some of the lessons learnt from involving and engaging with children and families across different stages of clinical research, including pediatric trials for drug development programs.

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          Mapping the impact of patient and public involvement on health and social care research: a systematic review.

          There is an increasing international interest in patient and public involvement (PPI) in research, yet relatively little robust evidence exists about its impact on health and social care research. To identify the impact of patient and public involvement on health and social care research. A systematic search of electronic databases and health libraries was undertaken from 1995 to 2009. Data were extracted and quality assessed utilizing the guidelines of the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination 2009 and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Grey literature was assessed using the Dixon-Woods et al. (2005) checklist. All study types that reported the impact PPI had on the health and/or social care research study. A total of 66 studies reporting the impact of PPI on health and social care research were included. The positive impacts identified enhanced the quality and appropriateness of research. Impacts were reported for all stages of research, including the development of user-focused research objectives, development of user-relevant research questions, development of user-friendly information, questionnaires and interview schedules, more appropriate recruitment strategies for studies, consumer-focused interpretation of data and enhanced implementation and dissemination of study results. Some challenging impacts were also identified. This study provides the first international evidence of PPI impact that has emerged at all key stages of the research process. However, much of the evidence base concerning impact remains weak and needs significant enhancement in the next decade. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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            Patient and Public Involvement of young people with a chronic condition in projects in health and social care: A scoping review

            Abstract Background The involvement of young people with a chronic condition in research and implementation projects in health and social care receives growing attention. Yet, there is a lack of conceptual clarity of this so‐called ‘Patient and Public Involvement’ (PPI) and methods to systematically evaluate it are absent. This scoping review aimed to gain insight into developments in the existing literature on PPI of young people with a chronic condition by mapping reported definitions, goals, activities, experiences and impact. Methods We conducted searches in Cinahl, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Included articles described involvement of young people with a chronic condition in research and implementation projects, contained empirical data, were written in English and were published after 1990. Two researchers independently carried out the data extraction. Results Twenty‐three studies out of 4993 initial hits met the inclusion criteria. We found great variation in definitions and operationalizations of PPI. Reflections of authors on the process of PPI and its impact were similar and did not change over the years. Discussion and conclusion Limited progress in the evidence base of the impact of PPI with young people with a chronic condition was found. Over the years, studies continue to report similar experiences and challenges. In order to move forward, we suggest future research to make connections to existing work instead, to include thorough descriptions of what is understood by PPI and how this is translated into activities, and to use systematic and objective, but also flexible, methods to measure its impact.
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              Engaging children and families in pediatric Health Research: a scoping review

              Aim Patient engagement (PE) in pediatric health services research is challenging due to contextual factors such as busyness of parenting, work schedules, and diverse family structures. This scoping review seeks to comprehensively map current PE strategies with parents and families across existing published pediatric health research literature. Methods We followed Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac et al., (2010) six-stage scoping review process. We conducted the search strategy in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Psychinfo databases. Data were extracted from included articles; evidence tables were developed and narrative synthesis was completed. Results Of 3925 retrieved records, seventeen articles were included in the review. Patient engagement primarily occurred through strategies such as advisory groups, meetings, focus groups and interviews. Strategies were used to engage patients at various levels, for different purposes (e.g., to inform, participate, consult, involve collaborate and/or lead). These strategies were also used at various stages of the research process. Navigating power differences, time and money were commonly reported challenges. Inconsistent terminology plagued (e.g., stakeholder engagement, consumer participation, patient and public involvement, participatory research) this body of literature and clarity is urgently needed. Conclusions This review offers insights into current PE strategies used in pediatric health services research and offers insight for researchers considering employing PE in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jennifer.preston@liverpool.ac.uk
                bnafria@sjdhospitalbarcelona.org
                amyohmer@icanresearch.org
                segolene.gaillard@chu-lyon.fr
                p.dicks@abdn.ac.uk
                lwest@gatech.edu
                mturner@liverpool.ac.uk
                Journal
                Ther Innov Regul Sci
                Ther Innov Regul Sci
                Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                2168-4790
                2168-4804
                19 February 2022
                19 February 2022
                : 1-16
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Women’s and Children’s Health, Liverpool Health Partners, , University of Liverpool, ; Liverpool, UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.411160.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0663 8628, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Spain and Innovation and Research Department, , Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Pg, ; Santa Rosa 39-57, Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
                [3 ]International Children’s Advisory Network, Atlanta, GA USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.457382.f, Hospices Civils de Lyon, EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, Inserm, CHU-Lyon, ; 69677 Bron, France
                [5 ]GRID grid.416072.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 775X, NHS-NRS Children, NHS Grampian, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, ; Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG Scotland UK
                [6 ]GRID grid.213917.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2097 4943, Georgia Institute of Technology, and International Children’s Advisory Network, ; Atlanta, GA USA
                [7 ]GRID grid.10025.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8470, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute in the Park, , University of Liverpool, Alder Hey NHS Children’s Foundation Trust, ; Liverpool, UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-234X
                Article
                382
                10.1007/s43441-022-00382-4
                8857393
                35182389
                8d380c42-0eb4-4a9d-953a-af7dbea53a5f
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 4 October 2021
                : 24 January 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute for Health Research
                Categories
                Review

                pediatric clinical research,children,families,involvement,patient-centricity

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