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      Hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases.

      1 , ,
      Physiological reviews
      American Physiological Society

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          Abstract

          Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix components are the hallmarks of tissue injury. Fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes by a variety of immune cells at the injury site. Hyaluronan binds to a number of cell surface proteins on various cell types. Hyaluronan fragments signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 as well as CD44 to stimulate inflammatory genes in inflammatory cells. Hyaluronan is also present on the cell surface of epithelial cells and provides protection against tissue damage from the environment by interacting with TLR2 and TLR4. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-binding proteins regulate inflammation, tissue injury, and repair through regulating inflammatory cell recruitment, release of inflammatory cytokines, and cell migration. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Physiol Rev
          Physiological reviews
          American Physiological Society
          1522-1210
          0031-9333
          Jan 2011
          : 91
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. dianhua.jiang@duke.edu
          Article
          91/1/221 NIHMS173532
          10.1152/physrev.00052.2009
          3051404
          21248167
          8d553460-998d-432b-9bc4-c706644827a5
          History

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