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      Skin lesions in children during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic Translated title: Lesiones cutáneas en niños durante la primera ola de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cutaneous manifestations have been included in COVID-19 patients’ clinical spectrum. Our objective was to determine the association between skin lesions in children and SARS-CoV2 infection, analyzing others possible infectious/autoimmune etiologies.

          Material and methods

          Observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, about children with skin manifestations from April to May 2020. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 was performed by PCR in nasopharyngeal exudate and/or presence of antibodies by serology.

          Results

          Sixty-two children were included, 9 (14.5%) presented positive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, with no positive PCR to SARS-Cov-2 in those patients in whom it was made. Patients with positive serology to SARS-CoV-2 presented chilblains and/or vesicular-bullous skin lesions more frequently (66.7% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.019). Generalized, urticarial and maculopapular rash was more common in patients with negative antibodies (37.7 vs. 0%, p = 0.047), others pathogens were isolated in 41.5% of these patients. There were no significant differences in the positivity for autoantibodies between both groups.

          Conclusion

          In our study, the presence of chilblains-like and/or vesicular lesions were significantly related to SARS-CoV2 previous contact.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción

          Las manifestaciones cutáneas se han incluido en el espectro clínico de los pacientes con COVID-19. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre las lesiones cutáneas observadas en niños durante la primera ola de la pandemia y la infección por SARS-CoV-2, analizando otras posibles etiologías infecciosas o autoinmunes.

          Material y métodos

          Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, de corte transversal, desarrollado en niños con manifestaciones cutáneas desde abril hasta mayo de 2020. La determinación de SARS-CoV-2 se realizó mediante PCR en exudado nasofaríngeo y/o serología.

          Resultados

          Se seleccionó a 62 niños; 9 (14,5%) presentaron serología positiva para SARS-CoV-2, siendo la PCR negativa en todos los casos en los que se realizó. Los pacientes con serología positiva para SARS-CoV-2 presentaron con más frecuencia lesiones pernióticas y/o vesiculosas (66,7 vs. 24,5%; p = 0,019). El exantema generalizado, urticarial y maculopapuloso fue más habitual en el grupo de pacientes con serología negativa (37,7 vs. 0%; p = 0,047); se aislaron otros patógenos en el 41,5%. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la positividad de autoanticuerpos entre ambos grupos.

          Conclusión

          En nuestro estudio, las lesiones de tipo perniosis o vesiculosas se relacionaron significativamente con el contacto previo con SARS-CoV-2.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Med Clin (Engl Ed)
          Med Clin (Engl Ed)
          Medicina Clinica (English Ed.)
          Elsevier España, S.L.U.
          2387-0206
          12 June 2021
          12 June 2021
          Affiliations
          [a ]Unidad de Infectología Pediátrica, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
          [b ]Unidad de Reumatología Pediátrica, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
          [c ]UGC de Pediatría y Neonatología, Hospital de La Axarquía, Vélez-Málaga (Málaga), Spain
          [d ]UGC de Microbiología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
          Author notes
          [* ]Corresponding author.
          Article
          S2387-0206(21)00302-8
          10.1016/j.medcle.2021.03.007
          8196301
          8d66da72-23f6-4f85-8696-c86d14574ca7
          © 2021 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

          Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

          History
          : 9 December 2020
          : 5 March 2021
          Categories
          Clinical Report

          sars-cov-2,covid-19,skin manifestations,exanthema,chilblains,sars-cov2,manifestaciones cutáneas,exantema,perniosis

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