Monocyte Apoptosis in Uremia Is Normalized with Continuous Blood Purification Modalities

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Abstract

Uremia is associated with a state of immune dysfunction. Dysregulation of homeostasis may be directly related to abnormal apoptosis regulation in uremia, which is crucial for the maintenance of the biological system. We demonstrated that plasma from three groups of uremic subjects, i.e. hemodialysis (HD) patients, peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and patients with predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF), has different apoptotic potential on U937 monocytes. The plasma of HD and CRF subjects when incubated with U937 cells induced higher levels of apoptosis compared with that of PD and control subjects (HD 26.08 ± 11.39, CRF 24.87 ± 9.07, PD 12.13 ± 4.51, controls 11.69 ± 4.02). Furthermore, the phagocytic ability of U937 cells incubated with the various plasma demonstrated an impaired response in the HD and CRF subjects (HD 27.56 ± 6.67, CRF 30.24 ± 9.08, PD 36.55 ± 9.80, controls 40.04 ± 6.98). These results suggest that continuous blood purification, such as in PD, may have advantages over intermittent therapies in removing uremic apoptotic molecules and potentially maintaining biological function and homeostasis.

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Differential expression of Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand on normal human phagocytes: implications for the regulation of apoptosis in neutrophils

A Aruffo, J. Ledbetter, W. Liles … (1996)

Human neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils are known to undergo apoptotic cell death. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway has been implicated as an important cellular pathway mediating apoptosis in diverse cell types. We conducted studies to examine the importance of the Fas/FasL system in normal human phagocytes. Although Fas expression was detected on neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, constitutive expression of FasL was restricted to neutrophils. The three types of phagocytes demonstrated differential sensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis. Only neutrophils were highly susceptible to rapid apoptosis in vitro after stimulation with activating anti-Fas IgM (mAb CH-11). Fas-mediated neutrophil apoptosis was suppressed by incubation with G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or dexamethasone, as well as the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein. Spontaneous neutrophil death in vitro was partially suppressed by Fas-Ig fusion protein or antagonistic anti-Fas IgG1 (mAb ZB4). In coculture experiments, neutrophils released a soluble factor inducing death in Fas-susceptible Jurkat cells via a mechanism sensitive to the presence of Fas-Ig or anti-Fas IgG1. Immunoblot analysis using specific anti- human FasL IgG1 (mAb No. 33) identified a 37-kD protein in lysates of freshly isolated neutrophils and a 30-kD protein in the culture supernatant of neutrophils maintained in vitro. Our results suggest that mature neutrophils may be irrevocably committed to autocrine death by virtue of their constitutive coexpression of cell-surface Fas and FasL via a mechanism that is sensitive to proinflammatory cytokines, glucocorticoids, and inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity. Furthermore, neutrophils can serve as a source of soluble FasL, which may function in a paracrine pathway to mediate cell death.

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Differential Induction of Apoptosis by Fas–Fas Ligand Interactions in Human Monocytes and Macrophages

Peter A. Kiener, Patricia M. Davis, Gary C. Starling … (1997)

Human monocytes undergo spontaneous apoptosis upon culture in vitro; removal of serum from the media dramatically increases the rate of this process. Monocyte apoptosis can be significantly abrogated by the addition of growth factors or proinflammatory mediators. We have evaluated the role of the endogenous Fas–Fas ligand (FasL) interaction in the induction of this spontaneous apoptosis and found that a Fas–immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, an antagonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and a rabbit anti-FasL antibody all greatly reduced the onset of apoptosis. The results indicate that spontaneous death of monocytes is mediated via an autocrine or paracrine pathway. Treatment of the cells with growth factors or cytokines that prevented spontaneous apoptosis had no major effects on the expression of Fas or FasL. Additionally, monocyte-derived macrophages were found to express both Fas and FasL but did not undergo spontaneous apoptosis and were not sensitive to stimulation by an agonistic anti-Fas IgM. These results indicate that protective mechanisms in these cells exist at a site downstream of the receptor–ligand interaction.

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Evaluation of caspase activity in apoptotic cells.

Camilla Köhler, Sten Orrenius, Boris Zhivotovsky (2002)

A family of cysteine proteases, the caspases, plays a central role in the initiation and execution phases of apoptosis. Upon activation, these enzymes cleave specific substrates and thereby mediate many of the typical biochemical and morphological changes in apoptotic cells, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and plasma membrane blebbing. Hence, the detection of activated caspases can be used as a biochemical marker for apoptosis. Here we review a set of methods available for characterizing and quantifying the activation of caspases, including immunoblotting, cleavage of synthetic substrates, affinity labeling and confocal microscopy. Each method is described in general terms and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068

Title: Blood Purification

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISBN: 978-3-8055-7683-3

ISBN: 978-3-318-01049-7

ISSN (Print): 0253-5068

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735

Publication date Subscription-year: 2004

Publication date (Print): July 2004

Publication date (Electronic): 20 January 2004

Volume: 22

Issue: 1

Pages: 9-12

Affiliations

^aCentro Studi Ennio Valente, Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, ^bDepartment of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; ^cRenal Research Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA; ^dDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

Article

Publisher ID: 74918 Other ID: Blood Purif 2004;22:9–12

DOI: 10.1159/000074918

PubMed ID: 14732806

SO-VID: 8d78de60-4f34-43a2-a008-1439132e4e5c

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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Monocyte Apoptosis in Uremia Is Normalized with Continuous Blood Purification Modalities

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Abstract

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Karger: Nephrology

Most cited references 4

Differential expression of Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand on normal human phagocytes: implications for the regulation of apoptosis in neutrophils

Differential Induction of Apoptosis by Fas–Fas Ligand Interactions in Human Monocytes and Macrophages

Evaluation of caspase activity in apoptotic cells.

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