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      Do hybrid-origin polyploid amphibians occupy transgressive or intermediate ecological niches compared to their diploid ancestors?

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4
      Journal of Biogeography
      Wiley

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          Hybridization and speciation.

          Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation, highlighting issues of current interest and debate. In secondary contact zones, it is uncertain if barriers to gene flow will be strengthened or broken down due to recombination and gene flow. Theory and empirical evidence suggest the latter is more likely, except within and around strongly selected genomic regions. Hybridization may contribute to speciation through the formation of new hybrid taxa, whereas introgression of a few loci may promote adaptive divergence and so facilitate speciation. Gene regulatory networks, epigenetic effects and the evolution of selfish genetic material in the genome suggest that the Dobzhansky-Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation. Finally, although the incidence of reinforcement remains uncertain, this and other interactions in areas of sympatry may have knock-on effects on speciation both within and outside regions of hybridization. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2013 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.
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            Niches and distributional areas: concepts, methods, and assumptions.

            Estimating actual and potential areas of distribution of species via ecological niche modeling has become a very active field of research, yet important conceptual issues in this field remain confused. We argue that conceptual clarity is enhanced by adopting restricted definitions of "niche" that enable operational definitions of basic concepts like fundamental, potential, and realized niches and potential and actual distributional areas. We apply these definitions to the question of niche conservatism, addressing what it is that is conserved and showing with a quantitative example how niche change can be measured. In this example, we display the extremely irregular structure of niche space, arguing that it is an important factor in understanding niche evolution. Many cases of apparently successful models of distributions ignore biotic factors: we suggest explanations to account for this paradox. Finally, relating the probability of observing a species to ecological factors, we address the issue of what objects are actually calculated by different niche modeling algorithms and stress the fact that methods that use only presence data calculate very different quantities than methods that use absence data. We conclude that the results of niche modeling exercises can be interpreted much better if the ecological and mathematical assumptions of the modeling process are made explicit.
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              Nonsynchronous Spatial Overlap of Lizards in Patchy Habitats

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Biogeography
                J. Biogeogr.
                Wiley
                03050270
                April 2016
                April 2016
                November 12 2015
                : 43
                : 4
                : 703-715
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA); Université Grenoble Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
                [2 ]CNRS; LECA; F-38000 Grenoble France
                [3 ]Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT); University of Milano-Bicocca; 20126 Milano Italy
                [4 ]Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); D-12587 Berlin Germany
                Article
                10.1111/jbi.12667
                8d795eea-57c5-4fbc-b46e-f526db536b0e
                © 2015

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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