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      La evolución de la desigualdad del estado nutricional al sur de la Comunidad Valenciana: un análisis antropométrico de Elche y Orihuela entre 1840 y 1984 Translated title: The evolution of nutritional status inequalities in the South of the region of Valencia: an anthropometric analysis of Elche and Orihuela between 1840 and 1984

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: existen numerosos estudios que han utilizado datos antropométricos para aproximarse a la evolución del estado nutricional neto, pero los centrados en la evolución de las diferencias socioeconómicas en este plano del bienestar son aún escasos para España. Objetivo: analizar la evolución de la desigualdad del estado nutricional en el largo plazo a través de una muestra de estaturas masculinas en las ciudades de Elche y Orihuela. Métodos: se utilizan datos antropométricos y sociodemográficos del reclutamiento militar por quintas: varones de entre 19 y 21 años nacidos entre 1840 y 1964 que fueron examinados entre 1860 y 1984. Se analiza la desigualdad antropométrica mediante el estudio de percentiles, coeficiente de variación y series de estatura media por segmentos socioeducativos: alfabetizados, analfabetos y estudiantes. Resultados: se observa una asociación entre promedios bajos de estatura (estado nutricional pobre) y una distribución más heterogénea del parámetro antropométrico (mayor desigualdad). Los valores más altos del coeficiente de variación, así como las diferencias más notables en términos socioeducativos, se registran durante las décadas centrales del siglo XIX y durante la coyuntura de la Guerra Civil y la primera posguerra. Conclusión: la desigualdad en el estado nutricional se redujo desde niveles muy altos en la fase previa a la transición nutricional y epidemiológica a niveles moderados durante dichas transiciones. No obstante, se registra un nuevo aumento de la desigualdad entre las generaciones nacidas a partir de la década de 1940 cuyo ciclo de vida se desarrolló total o parcialmente en la fase avanzada de la transición nutricional.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: many studies have used anthropometric data to approach the evolution of the net nutritional status but those focused on its socioeconomic differentials over time are still a few in Spain. Objective: to analyze the evolution of nutritional inequalities in the long run by using a sample of male statures from the Spanish towns of Elche and Orihuela. Methods: we use anthropometric and sociodemographic data entailed to conscripts aged 19-21 who were born between 1840 and 1964 and were measured between 1860 and 1984. Anthropometric inequalities are approached by analyzing height percentiles series, variation coefficient series as well as height series by socio-educational status: literate, illiterate and students. Results: there is a solid association between low height averages (poor nutritional status) and more heterogeneous height distribution (higher inequality). The highest values of the variation coefficient as well as the larger differences by socio-educational status are found during the central decades of the 19th century and during the context of the Spanish Civil War and the first postwar decade. Conclusion: nutritional inequalities as reflected by heights decreased from very high levels prior to the nutrition and epidemiological transitions moderate levels during such transitions. Nevertheless, an increase in nutritional inequality is found among the cohorts born during the decade of the 1940s which were fully or partially raised during the advanced stage of the nutrition transition.

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          Sample-Selection Biases and the Industrialization Puzzle

          Understanding long-term changes in human well-being is central to understanding the consequences of economic development. An extensive anthropometric literature purports to show that heights in the United States declined between the 1830s and the 1890s, which is when the U.S. economy modernized. Most anthropometric research contends that declining heights reflect the negative health consequences of industrialization and urbanization. This interpretation, however, relies on sources subject to selection bias. Our meta-analysis shows that the declining height during industrialization emerges primarily in selected samples. We also develop a parsimonious diagnostic test that reveals, but does not correct for, selection bias in height samples. When applied to four representative height samples, the diagnostic provides compelling evidence of selection.
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            Living Standards, Nutrition and Inequality in the Spanish Industrialisation. An Anthropometric View

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              Determinants of height and biological inequality in Mediterranean Spain, 1859–1967

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                2018
                : 35
                : spe5
                : 69-75
                Affiliations
                [1] Jaén Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Jaén orgdiv1Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Marketing y Sociología Spain
                [2] Murcia Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Economía y Empresa orgdiv2Departamento de Economía Aplicada Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112018001100010 S0212-1611(18)03500500010
                10.20960/nh.2087
                8d98a4f2-dedf-4673-80b8-ace28182e864

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Antropometría,Inequality,Valencian Community,Nutritional status,Anthropometry,Desigualdad,Comunidad Valenciana,Estado nutricional

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