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      Telocytes in the urinary system

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          Abstract

          Background

          Telocytes, a new type of interstitial cells, have been identified in many organs in mammals. The present studies aimed at investigating the ultrastructure, distribution and interactions of telocytes with surrounding cells in the urinary system of rats, to confirm the existence of telocytes in kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder.

          Methods

          Samples of kidney, ureter, or urinary bladder were harvested for the ultrastructure by the electron microscope. The primary culture of telocytes was performed to investigate the dynamic alterations.

          Results

          Telocytes mainly located in the sub-capsular space of kidney, or between smooth muscle bundles and in the lamina propria of ureter and urinary bladder. Telocytes established numerous contacts with macrophages in the sub-capsular space of kidney, or with smooth muscle cells, nerve endings as well as blood capillaries in the ureter and urinary bladder. The complete morphology of telocytes with telopodes was observed clearly through the primary cell culture from the kidney tissues of rats.

          Conclusions

          Our data evidenced the existence of telocytes in the urinary system, which may contribute to the tissue reparation and regeneration.

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          Most cited references33

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          Experimental acute myocardial infarction: telocytes involvement in neo-angiogenesis

          C Manole, V Cismaşiu, Mihaela Gherghiceanu … (2011)
          Abstract We used rat experimental myocardial infarction to study the ultrastructural recovery, especially neo-angiogenesis in the infarction border zone. We were interested in the possible role(s) of telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cell very recently discovered in myocardim (see http://www.telocytes.com). Electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and analysis of several proangiogenic microRNAs provided evidence for TC involvement in neo-angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Electron microscopy showed the close spatial association of TCs with neoangiogenetic elements. Higher resolution images provided the following information: (a) the intercellular space between the abluminal face of endothelium and its surrounding TCs is frequently less than 50 nm; (b) TCs establish multiple direct nanocontacts with endothelial cells, where the extracellular space seems obliterated; such nanocontacts have a length of 0.4–1.5 μm; (c) the absence of basal membrane on the abluminal face of endothelial cell. Besides the physical contacts (either nanoscopic or microscopic) TCs presumably contribute to neo-angiognesis via paracrine secretion (as shown by immunocytochemistry for VEGF or NOS2). Last but not least, TCs contain measurable quantities of angiogenic microRNAs (e.g. let-7e, 10a, 21, 27b, 100, 126-3p, 130a, 143, 155, 503). Taken together, the direct (physical) contact of TCs with endothelial tubes, as well as the indirect (chemical) positive influence within the ‘angiogenic zones’, suggests an important participation of TCs in neo-angiogenesis during the late stage of myocardial infarction.
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            Cardiomyocyte precursors and telocytes in epicardial stem cell niche: electron microscope images

            Mihaela Gherghiceanu, L Popescu (2010)
            Abstract A highly heterogeneous population of stem and progenitor cells has been described by light immunohistochemistry in the mammalian adult heart, but the ultrastructural identity of cardiac stem cells remains unknown. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate the presence of cells with stem features in the adult mouse heart. These putative cardiac stem cells are small (6–10 μm), round cells, with an irregular shaped nucleus, large nucleolus, few endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and mitochondria, but numerous ribosomes. Stem cells located in the epicardial stem cell niche undergo mitosis and apoptosis. Cells with intermediate features between stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors have also been seen. Moreover, electron microscopy showed that cardiomyocyte progenitors were added to the peripheral working cardiomyocytes. Telocytes make a supportive interstitial network for stem cells and progenitors in the stem cell niche. This study enhances the hypothesis of a unique type of cardiac stem cell and progenitors in different stages of differentiation. In our opinion, stem cells, cardiomyocyte progenitors and telocytes sustain a continuous cardiac renewal process in the adult mammalian heart.
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              Telocytes, a distinct type of cell among the stromal cells present in the lamina propria of jejunum.

              L. Popescu, A Simionescu, D Cretoiu … (2012)
              Conventionally, cells described in the stroma of the intestinal wall are fibroblasts/fibrocytes, mast cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), the latter being considered as the pacemakers of gastrointestinal rhythmicity. Recently, a new type of stromal cell called telocyte (TCs) was found in various cavitary and non-cavitary organs (www.telocytes.com). We show here direct electron microscopical evidence for the presence of TCs in the lamina propria of rat jejunum just beneath the epithelial layer of the mucosal crypts and in between the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of muscularis mucosae. TCs are characterized by: several very long (tens to hundreds of µm) prolongations called telopodes (Tps). Tps (with caliber below the resolving power of light microscopy) display podomeres (thin segments ≤ 0.2 µm) and podoms (dilations accommodating caveolae, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum). Tps present dichotomous branching and form a three dimensional network close to immune cells, SMCs or nerve bundles. TCs could play a role in intercellular signaling and control of local tissue homeostasis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 92 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Transl Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Transl Med
                Title: Journal of Translational Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5876
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 September 2012
                Volume: 10
                Page: 188
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
                [2 ]Biomedical Research Center, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
                [3 ]Department of Urology Surgery, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
                [4 ]Key Lab of Shanghai Organ Transplantation, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1479-5876-10-188
                DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-188
                PMC ID: 3527325
                PubMed ID: 22963412
                SO-VID: 8dae9de2-8bb9-49fb-8589-e0b7a3eb5973
                Copyright © Copyright ©2012 Zheng et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 13 May 2012
                Date accepted : 6 September 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: kidney,telocytes,ureter,urinary bladder
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: kidney, telocytes, ureter, urinary bladder

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