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      Public health concerns regarding sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in China: a case series

      case-report

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          Abstract

          In this study, we report three cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in China, two confirmed cases and one probable case. The aim of this study was to enrich the data regarding clinical and epidemiological features of this disease and to provide reference for the diagnosis, control, and prevention of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.

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          Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in China from 2006 to 2007

          Yu-Qi Shi, Chen Gao, Wei-Wei Zhou … (2008)
          Background Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (HTSE), or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), is a group of rare and fatal diseases in central nervous system. Since outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CJD, a worldwide CJD surveillance network has been established under the proposition of WHO. In China, a national CJD surveillance system has started since 2002. The data of CJD surveillance from 2006 to 2007 was analyzed. Methods Total 12 provinces are included in CJD surveillance system. The surveillance unit in each province consists of one or two sentinel hospitals and the provincial CDC. All suspected CJD cases reported from CJD surveillance were diagnosed and subtyped based on the diagnostic criteria for CJD issued by WHO. Results Total 192 suspected CJD cases were reported and 5 genetic CJD, 51 probable and 30 possible sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases were diagnosed. The collected sCJD cases distribute sporadically without geographical clustering and seasonal relativity and the highest incidences in both probable and possible sCJD cases appeared in the group of 60–69 year. The most common three foremost symptoms were progressive dementia, cerebellum and mental-related symptoms. The probable sCJD patients owning both typical EEG alteration and CSF protein 14-3-3 positive have more characteristic clinical syndromes than the ones having only one positive. The polymorphisms of codon 129 of all tested reported cases shows typical patterns of Han Chinese as previous reports, that M129M are predominant whereas M129V are seldom. Conclusion Chinese CJD patients possessed similar epidemiological and clinical characteristics as worldwide.
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            Risk of transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by surgical procedures: systematic reviews and quality of evidence

            Fernando López, María Ruiz-Tovar, Javier Almazán-Isla … (2017)
            Background: Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is potentially transmissible to humans. Objective: This study aimed to summarise and rate the quality of the evidence of the association between surgery and sCJD. Design and methods: Firstly, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of case–control studies with major surgical procedures as exposures under study. To assess quality of evidence, we used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Secondly, we conducted a systematic review of sCJD case reports after sharing neurosurgical instruments. Results: Thirteen case–control studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review of case–control studies. sCJD was positively associated with heart surgery, heart and vascular surgery and eye surgery, negatively associated with tonsillectomy and appendectomy, and not associated with neurosurgery or unspecified major surgery. The overall quality of evidence was rated as very low. A single case–control study with a low risk of bias found a strong association between surgery conducted more than 20 years before disease onset and sCJD. Seven cases were described as potentially transmitted by reused neurosurgical instruments. Conclusion: The association between surgery and sCJD remains uncertain. Measures currently recommended for preventing sCJD transmission should be strongly maintained. Future studies should focus on the potential association between sCJD and surgery undergone a long time previously.
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              Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in Eastern Slovakia from 2004 to 2016.

              Eva Feketeova, Dominika Jarcuskova, Alzbeta Janáková … (2018)
              An extraordinary incidence of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) appearing in clusters in the Slovak Republic was described in the 1990's. The aim of the study was to analyse data of CJD cases obtained from surveillance in Eastern Slovakia (ES) (2004-2016), the region outside the described geographical clusters.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Med Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Int. Med. Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IMR
                Journal ID (hwp): spimr
                Title: The Journal of International Medical Research
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Print): 0300-0605
                ISSN (Electronic): 1473-2300
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 July 2019
                Publication date (Print): August 2019
                Volume: 47
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 3972-3977
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Xixiang Preventive Health Care Center of Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Office of Infectious Disease Control, Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
                [4 ]State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
                [5 ]Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
                [6 ]Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [*]Tianmu Chen, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang’an Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China. Email: 13698665@ 123456qq.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-5086
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_0300060519862067
                DOI: 10.1177/0300060519862067
                PMC ID: 6726827
                PubMed ID: 31331215
                SO-VID: 8db229f2-ce54-497e-9028-c3d8c9a9dc54
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 2 November 2018
                Date accepted : 17 June 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: The Guiding Project of Fujian Science and Technology Plan Project, FundRef ;
                Award ID: 2018D0009
                Funded by: The Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, FundRef ;
                Award ID: SKLVD2018KF001
                Award ID: SKLVD2018KF002
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report and Case Series

                Keywords: sporadic creutzfeldt–jakob disease,surveillance,epidemiological features,case report,diagnosis,prevention
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sporadic creutzfeldt–jakob disease, surveillance, epidemiological features, case report, diagnosis, prevention

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