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      Hormônio anti-mülleriano: revisão e contribuição para a investigação das ambigüidades genitais

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          Abstract

          A investigação etiológica das ambigüidades genitais com cariótipo 46,XY apresenta dificuldades freqüentes. A função testicular tem sido tradicionalmente avaliada pela capacidade esteroidogênica das células de Leydig e pela espermatogênese. Recentemente, demonstrou-se que a avaliação sérica do hormônio anti-mülleriano (HAM) como marcador da função das células de Sertoli pode ser de grande valia nesta investigação. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar aspectos históricos e fisiológicos do HAM, e sua utilidade na investigação diagnostica de pacientes com intersexo. Também é mostrada a experiência dos autores na avaliação de intersexo com dosagens combinadas de andrógenos, HAM e testosterona.

          Translated abstract

          Etiological investigation of patients with sex ambiguity and XY karyotype is a complex matter. Traditionally, testicular function has been assessed only by examining the steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that measurement of the serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH), as a marker of Sertoli cell function, may also help clinicians. The aim of this review is to show historic and physiological aspects of the AMH, and its utility to establish the diagnosis in patients with intersexual states. The authors experience in intersex evaluation combining the measurement of androgens, AMH and gonadotropins is also showed.

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          Most cited references66

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          Problems of fetal endocrinology: the gonadal and hypophyseal hormones

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            Measurement of dimeric inhibin B throughout the human menstrual cycle.

            This report describes the development of a specific and sensitive assay for inhibin B and its application to the measurement of inhibin B concentrations in plasma during the human menstrual cycle. A monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide from the betaB-subunit was combined with an antibody to an inhibin alpha-subunit sequence in a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. The validated assay had a limit of detection of 10 pg/mL and 0.5% cross-reactivity with inhibin A. Using this immunoassay, we found that the plasma concentration of inhibin B rose rapidly in the early follicular phase to a peak of 85.2 +/- 9.6 pg/mL on the day after the intercycle FSH rise, then fell progressively during the remainder of the follicular phase. Two days after the midcycle LH peak, there was a short lived peak in the inhibin B concentration (133.6 +/- 31.2 pg/mL), which then fell to a low concentration (<20 pg/mL) for the remainder of the luteal phase. In contrast, the inhibin A concentration was low in the early follicular phase, rose at ovulation, and was maximal during the midluteal phase. The concentration of inhibin B in individual follicular fluid samples was 20- to 200-fold higher than the concentration of inhibin A and was highest in follicular fluid samples from the early follicular phase. Inhibin B appears to be the predominant form of inhibin in the preovulatory follicle. The different patterns of circulating inhibin B and inhibin A concentrations observed during the human menstrual cycle suggest that these forms may have different physiological roles.
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              Anti-Müllerian hormone produces endocrine sex reversal of fetal ovaries.

              We have previously reported that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting substance, the testicular glycoprotein involved in regression of the Müllerian ducts of the male fetus, induces the formation of seminiferous cord-like structures in fetal ovaries exposed to it in organ culture. We have now investigated the effect of bovine AMH, purified to homogeneity, on ovarian endocrine differentiation. Ovine fetal ovaries exposed to AMH release testosterone instead of estradiol, an endocrine sex reversal due to suppression of aromatase activity. AMH dramatically decreases the conversion rate of testosterone to estradiol and also decreases total aromatase activity, as measured by the tritiated water technique. AMH acts by decreasing aromatase biosynthesis rather than by blocking enzyme activity, as suggested by the relatively long period of AMH exposure required to produce an effect. In the rabbit fetal ovary, aromatase activity is AMH-responsive during the whole gestational period. The basal steroidogenic activity of rat fetal ovaries is extremely low but can be markedly increased by cAMP. AMH completely blocks the effect of cAMP. Taken together, our results suggest that AMH plays a pivotal role in both morphological and endocrine gonadal sex differentiation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo )
                1677-9487
                October 2000
                : 44
                : 5
                : 425-433
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27302000000500010
                10.1590/S0004-27302000000500010
                8dc3b713-896e-4cbf-8f3c-9fc4375a9105

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2730&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Antimüllerian hormone,Intersex,5a-reductase deficiency,Sertoli cell,Testis,Testosterone,Células de Sertoli,Deficiência de 5a-redutase,Hormônio anti-mülleriano,Intersexo,Testículo,Testosterona

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