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      Updating salamander datasets with phenotypic and stomach content information for two mainland Speleomantes

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          Abstract

          European plethodontid salamanders (genus Speleomantes; formerly Hydromantes) are a group of eight strictly protected amphibian species which are sensitive to human-induced environmental changes. Long-term monitoring is highly recommended to evaluate their status and to assess potential threats. Here we used two low-impact methodologies to build up a large dataset on two mainland Speleomantes species ( S. strinatii and S. ambrosii), which represents an update to two previously published datasets, but also includes several new populations. Specifically, we provide a set of 851 high quality images and a table gathering stomach contents recognized from 560 salamanders. This dataset offers the opportunity to analyse phenotypic traits and stomach contents of eight populations belonging to two Speleomantes species. Furthermore, the data collection performed over different periods allows to expand the potential analyses through a wide temporal scale, allowing long-term studies.

          Abstract

          Measurement(s) Gastric Content • Image
          Technology Type(s) light microscopy • Digital Photography
          Sample Characteristic - Organism Speleomantes • Hydromantes
          Sample Characteristic - Environment Subterranean • karst cave • mine
          Sample Characteristic - Location Italy • Region of Liguria • Municipality of Genova • Province of La Spezia

          Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14346176

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          Most cited references55

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          Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity.

          Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this review, we first examine the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem and biome scales, notably showing that species can respond to climate change challenges by shifting their climatic niche along three non-exclusive axes: time (e.g. phenology), space (e.g. range) and self (e.g. physiology). Then, we present the principal specificities and caveats of the most common approaches used to estimate future biodiversity at global and sub-continental scales and we synthesise their results. Finally, we highlight several challenges for future research both in theoretical and applied realms. Overall, our review shows that current estimates are very variable, depending on the method, taxonomic group, biodiversity loss metrics, spatial scales and time periods considered. Yet, the majority of models indicate alarming consequences for biodiversity, with the worst-case scenarios leading to extinction rates that would qualify as the sixth mass extinction in the history of the earth. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
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            Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide.

            The first global assessment of amphibians provides new context for the well-publicized phenomenon of amphibian declines. Amphibians are more threatened and are declining more rapidly than either birds or mammals. Although many declines are due to habitat loss and overutilization, other, unidentified processes threaten 48% of rapidly declining species and are driving species most quickly to extinction. Declines are nonrandom in terms of species' ecological preferences, geographic ranges, and taxonomic associations and are most prevalent among Neotropical montane, stream-associated species. The lack of conservation remedies for these poorly understood declines means that hundreds of amphibian species now face extinction.
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              Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans sp. nov. causes lethal chytridiomycosis in amphibians.

              The current biodiversity crisis encompasses a sixth mass extinction event affecting the entire class of amphibians. The infectious disease chytridiomycosis is considered one of the major drivers of global amphibian population decline and extinction and is thought to be caused by a single species of aquatic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. However, several amphibian population declines remain unexplained, among them a steep decrease in fire salamander populations (Salamandra salamandra) that has brought this species to the edge of local extinction. Here we isolated and characterized a unique chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans sp. nov., from this salamander population. This chytrid causes erosive skin disease and rapid mortality in experimentally infected fire salamanders and was present in skin lesions of salamanders found dead during the decline event. Together with the closely related B. dendrobatidis, this taxon forms a well-supported chytridiomycete clade, adapted to vertebrate hosts and highly pathogenic to amphibians. However, the lower thermal growth preference of B. salamandrivorans, compared with B. dendrobatidis, and resistance of midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) to experimental infection with B. salamandrivorans suggest differential niche occupation of the two chytrid fungi.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                enrico.arti@gmail.com
                zhaoyh@ioz.ac.cn
                Journal
                Sci Data
                Sci Data
                Scientific Data
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2052-4463
                9 June 2021
                9 June 2021
                2021
                : 8
                : 150
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Beichen West Road 1, 100101 Beijing, China
                [2 ]GRID grid.8404.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2304, Museo di Storia Naturale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, ; Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy
                [3 ]Natural Oasis, via di Galceti 141, 59100 Prato, Italy
                [4 ]Unione Speleologica Calenzano, Piazza della Stazione 1, 50041Calenzano, Firenze, Italy
                [5 ]GRID grid.5326.2, ISNI 0000 0001 1940 4177, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ; Via Madonna del Piano, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
                [6 ]GRID grid.4708.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 2822, Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, , Università degli Studi di Milano, ; via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
                [7 ]Laboratorio di Biologia Sotterranea “Enrico Pezzoli”, Parco Regionale del Monte Barro, 23851 Galbiate, Italy
                [8 ]GRID grid.462909.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0609 8934, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), ; CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-2750
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-0774
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-596X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-8194
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-5155
                Article
                931
                10.1038/s41597-021-00931-w
                8190193
                34108483
                8df234c6-d412-4c4e-a0c1-09d446ad0fcd
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files associated with this article.

                History
                : 25 January 2021
                : 27 April 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China);
                Award ID: NSFC- 31972868
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Data Descriptor
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                © The Author(s) 2021

                herpetology,population dynamics
                herpetology, population dynamics

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