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      Understanding the global measurement of willingness to pay in health

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          ABSTRACT

          Objective: To understand the different methodologies used to elicit willingness to pay for health and the value of a statistical life year through surveys.

          Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify studies using surveys to estimate either willingness to pay for health or the value of a statistical life year. Each study was reviewed and the study setting, sample size, sample description, survey administration (online or face to face), survey methodology, and results were extracted. The results of the studies were then compared to any published national guidelines of cost-effectiveness thresholds to determine their accuracy.

          Results: Eighteen studies were included in the review with 15 classified as willingness to pay and 3 value of a statistical life. The included studies covered Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 4), the Middle East (n = 1), and North America (n = 5), with one study taking a global perspective. There were substantial differences in both the methodologies and the estimates of both willingness to pay and value of a statistical life between the different studies.

          Conclusion: Different methods used to elicit willingness to pay and the value of a statistical life year resulted in a wide range of estimates.

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          Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold.

          Scott D Grosse (2008)
          Cost-effectiveness analyses, particularly in the USA, commonly use a figure of $50,000 per life-year or quality-adjusted life-year gained as a threshold for assessing the cost-effectiveness of an intervention. The history of this practice is ill defined, although it has been linked to the end-stage renal disease kidney dialysis cost-effectiveness literature from the 1980s. The use of $50,000 as a benchmark for assessing the cost-effectiveness of an intervention first emerged in 1992 and became widely used after 1996. The appeal of the $50,000 figure appears to lie in the convenience of a round number rather than in the value of renal dialysis. Rather than arbitrary thresholds, estimates of willingness to pay and the opportunity cost of healthcare resources are needed.
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            How attractive does a new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations.

            A Laupacis, D Feeny, A S Detsky … (1992)
            Because economic evaluations of health care services are being published with increasing frequency it is important to (a) evaluate them rigorously and (b) compare the net benefit of the application of one technology with that of others. Four "levels of evidence" that rate economic evaluations on the basis of their methodologic rigour are proposed. They are based on the quality of the methods used to estimate clinical effectiveness, quality of life and costs. With the use of the magnitude of the incremental net benefit of a technology, therapies can also be classified into five "grades of recommendation." A grade A technology is both more effective and cheaper than the existing one, whereas a grade E technology is less or equally effective and more costly. Those of grades B through D are more effective and more costly. A grade B technology costs less than $20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), a grade C one $20,000 to $100,000/QALY and a grade D one more than $100,000/QALY. Many issues other than cost effectiveness, such as ethical and political considerations, affect the implementation of a new technology. However, it is hoped that these guidelines will provide a framework with which to interpret economic evaluations and to identify additional information that will be useful in making sound decisions on the adoption and utilization of health care services.
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              The Empirical Distribution Function with Arbitrarily Grouped, Censored and Truncated Data

              Bruce Turnbull (1976)
              Article 0 comments Cited 82 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Mark Access Health Policy
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Mark Access Health Policy
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ZJMA
                Journal ID (publisher-id): zjma20
                Title: Journal of Market Access & Health Policy
                Publisher: Routledge
                ISSN (Electronic): 2001-6689
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 February 2020
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1717030
                Affiliations
                [a ]Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Elysia Group, LLC , New York, NY, USA
                [b ]Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
                [c ]Health Economics, Janssen Pharmaceutical KK , Tokyo, Japan
                [d ]Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
                Author notes
                CONTACT Bruce C. M. Wang bruce.wang@ 123456elysiagroup.com Elysia Group, LLC , 333 E 43rd Street, Apt., 1012, New York, NY 10017, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1717030
                DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1717030
                PMC ID: 7048225
                PubMed ID: 32158523
                SO-VID: 8e002040-ea86-4a2d-802a-eecde4258a6f
                Copyright © © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 August 2019
                Date revision received : 20 December 2019
                Date accepted : 09 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, References: 45, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funded by: Janssen Pharmaceutical KK
                Award ID: N/A
                This study was funded by Janssen Pharmaceutical KK.
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: willingness to pay,value of statistical life,cost-effectiveness threshold,health economics,literature review,surveys
                Data availability:
                Keywords: willingness to pay, value of statistical life, cost-effectiveness threshold, health economics, literature review, surveys

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