A History of the Isukha-Idakho Bullfighting in Western Kenya

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Abstract

The traditional sport of Isukha-Idakho bullfighting offers a glimpse into the enduring cultural history of the Isukha and Idakho people in western Kenya. This age-old custom, which has origins that go back many centuries, represents the resilience, prosperity, and cohesion of these communities. The Isukha and Idakho people's traditional identities are fundamentally shaped by bullfighting, which is a significant aspect of commemorating life events such as weddings and burials. Bullfighting in Isukha-Idakho has faced challenges from globalization, industrialization, and shifting societal dynamics throughout its history. The technique has faced several difficulties due to changes in agricultural operations, animal welfare concerns, and outside influences. Nevertheless, despite these challenges, the Isukha and Idakho people have proven to be resilient and adaptable, and they continue to work to preserve and chronicle their cultural legacy. Bullfighting-related community get-togethers have not only strengthened social ties but also had a significant impact on the economy and tourism. The history and cultural importance of Isukha-Idakho bullfighting are discussed, as well as the challenges that they face in preserving their cultural legacy.

Most cited references 10

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Animal welfare is a topic often thought to reside outside mainstream biology. The complexity of the methods used to assess welfare (such as health, physiology, immunological state, and behavior) require an understanding of a wide range of biological phenomena. Furthermore, the "welfare" of an animal provides a framework in which a diversity of its responses can be understood as fitness-enhancing mechanisms. Different methods for assessing animal welfare are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of an animal's own choices and reinforcement mechanisms. No part of biology is as yet able to explain consciousness, but by confronting the possibility that nonhuman animals have conscious experienced of suffering, animal welfare studies force a consideration of even this hardest problem of all biological phenomena in a particularly direct and evolutionary way.