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      The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor.

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          Abstract

          The importance of the physiological function of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is illustrated by its frequent disruption in cancer. By suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity, PTEN governs a plethora of cellular processes including survival, proliferation, energy metabolism and cellular architecture. Consequently, mechanisms regulating PTEN expression and function, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation by non-coding RNAs, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, are all altered in cancer. The repertoire of PTEN functions has recently been expanded to include phosphatase-independent activities and crucial functions within the nucleus. Our increasing knowledge of PTEN and pathologies in which its function is altered will undoubtedly inform the rational design of novel therapies.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
          Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1471-0080
          1471-0072
          Apr 04 2012
          : 13
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachuchetts 02215, USA. msong@bidmc.harvard.edu
          Article
          nrm3330
          10.1038/nrm3330
          22473468
          8e1cc849-ff16-46bf-87cb-a23c9ef4a0e7
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