18
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The association between smoking and blood pressure in men: a cross-sectional study

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear. Thus, the current study examined the association between cigarette smoking and blood pressure in men.

          Methods

          Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were examined using digital blood pressure measuring device, and smoking status was determined with China National Health Survey.

          Results

          The ANCOVA showed that the adjusted DBP and MAP were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and the adjusted SBP was lower in current smokers versus former smokers ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the adjusted PP tend to be decreased steadily as the pack·years increased in current smokers. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, former smokers had increased ORs (95% CI) of 1.48 (1.01, 2.18) of hypertension and current smokers had not increased ORs (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.61, 1.12), compared with never smokers.

          Conclusions

          The findings revealed that the adjusted blood pressure were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and former smokers. No significant dose-dependent effect of current smoking on blood pressure indices except PP was observed. Smoking cessation was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, current smoking was not a risk factor of hypertension.

          Related collections

          Most cited references28

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

          The Lancet, 380(9859), 2224-2260
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events.

            We studied the effects of cigarette smoking, sham smoking and smoking during adrenergic blockade in 10 subjects to determine whether smoking released the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, as well as the adrenomedullary hormone epinephrine, and whether smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic changes were mediated through adrenergic mechanisms. Smoking-associated increments in mean (+/- S.E.M.) plasma norepinephrine (227 +/- 23 to 324 +/- 39 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (44 +/- to 113 +/- 27 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.05) were demonstrated. Smoking-associated increments in pulse rate, blood pressure, blood glycerol and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio were prevented by adrenergic blockade; increments in plasma growth hormone and cortisol were not. Since significant smoking-associated increments, in pulse rate, blood pressure and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, preceded measurable increments in plasma catecholamine concentrations, but were adrenergically mediated, these changes should be attributed to norepinephrine released locally from adrenergic axon terminals within the tissues rather than to increments in circulating catecholamines.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of incident hypertension in women.

              We undertook this study to prospectively evaluate whether cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Few prospective cohort studies have examined the relationship between smoking and hypertension. We conducted a prospective cohort study among 28,236 women in the Women's Health Study who were initially free of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Detailed risk factor information, including smoking status, was collected from self-reported questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards survival models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension (defined as either new diagnosis, the initiation of antihypertensive medication, systolic blood pressure > or =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg). At baseline, 51% of women were never smokers, 36% were former smokers, 5% smoked 1 to 14 cigarettes, and 8% smoked > or =15 cigarettes per day. During a median of 9.8 years, there were 8,571 (30.4%) cases of incident hypertension. The age-adjusted HRs of developing hypertension among never, former, and current smokers of 1 to 14 and > or =15 cigarettes per day were 1.00 (reference), 1.04 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.09), 1.00 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.10), and 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.19), respectively. In multivariable models further adjusting for lifestyle, clinical, and dietary variables, the corresponding HRs were 1.00 (reference), 1.03 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.08), 1.02 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.13), and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.21), respectively. Among women who smoked > or =25 cigarettes per day, the multivariable HR was 1.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.39). In this large cohort of women, cigarette smoking was modestly associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension, with an effect that was strongest among women smoking at least 15 cigarettes per day.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                liguojuhaha@126.com
                942210808@qq.com
                wangkehope@126.com
                1014226715@qq.com
                fionarab@163.com
                540812844@qq.com
                gonghaiying2802862@163.com
                zhangjia2513@163.com
                xgdfirst@163.com
                liyanlong641@163.com
                857265976@qq.com
                sljzhangbiao11@126.com
                guangliang_shan@163.com
                Journal
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2458
                10 October 2017
                10 October 2017
                2017
                : 17
                : 797
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0662 3178, GRID grid.12527.33, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, ; Beijing, China
                [2 ]Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0807 1581, GRID grid.13291.38, National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, ; Chengdu, China
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1771 3349, GRID grid.415954.8, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, ; Beijing, China
                [5 ]Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0455 0905, GRID grid.410645.2, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, , Qingdao University, ; Qingdao, Shandong 266011 China
                Article
                4802
                10.1186/s12889-017-4802-x
                5634904
                29017534
                8e4c28de-2eba-4828-a30a-ae846fcf4fb8
                © The Author(s). 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 5 November 2016
                : 27 September 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Science and Technology of China
                Award ID: 2012BAI37B02
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Public health
                blood pressure,hypertension,smoking,tobacco
                Public health
                blood pressure, hypertension, smoking, tobacco

                Comments

                Comment on this article