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      Determinación de la diversidad genética de la paloma doméstica Columba livia (Columbidae) a partir de genes polimórficos asociados con el color del plumaje en San Antero, Córdoba, Colombia Translated title: Determination of the genetic diversity of the domestic pigeon Columba livia (Columbidae) employing polymorphic genes associated with the color of the plumage in San Antero, Córdoba, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la diversidad genética de la población de la paloma doméstica Columba livia empleando genes polimórficos asociados con el color del plumaje en San Antero, Colombia. Entre marzo y abril del 2017 se hicieron muestreos aleatorios en cuatro subpoblaciones del municipio de San Antero ubicadas en los sitios de Calle Abajo, Calle Central, Parque Central e Iglesia Central mediante excursiones urbanas, observación directa y registros fotográficos, y se clasificaron fenotípicamente 235 palomas. Se estudiaron los marcadores autosómicos Grizzle (G); Spread (S); Checker (C) y Ash-Red (B). Los perfiles genéticos de las subpoblaciones de palomas domésticas se establecieron con los siguientes índices genético-poblacionales: las frecuencias alélicas, la diversidad genética según Nei (1972), la heterocigocidad esperada (He), el coeficiente de diferenciación genética (Gst), el flujo génico (Nm) y las distancias genéticas entre las poblaciones utilizando el programa PopGene 1.31. Los índices de fijación propuestos por Wright, Fis, Fit y Fst, se calcularon mediante el programa FSTAT v 2.9.3.2. Los marcadores más frecuentes fueron el Checker y el Spread, en tanto que el Ash-Red evidenció las menores frecuencias alélicas. En la población total hubo un alto porcentaje de homocigotos y la diferenciación genética fue baja. Se sugieren posibles efectos de selección en los marcadores Checker y Spread. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of the domestic pigeon Columba livia using polymorphic genes associated with the plumage color in San Antero, Colombia. Between March and April 2017, random samplings were carried out in four sites of the municipality of San Antero located in Calle Abajo, Calle Central, Parque Central, and Iglesia Central. During urban excursions and through direct observation and photographic records, we made the phenotypic classification of 235 pigeons. The markers studied were Grizzle (G), Spread (S), Checker (C), and Ash-Red (B). The genetic profiles of the populations of domestic pigeons were established with the following indices: allelic frequencies, Nei's genetic diversity (1972), expected heterozygosity (He), genetic differentiation coefficient (G ), gene flow (Nm), and genetic distances between populations were estimated using the PopGene 1.31 software. We calculated the fixation indices proposed by Wright: Fis, Fit and Fst using the FSTAT v 2.9.3.2 program. The most frequent markers were Checker and Spread while Ash-Red showed the lowest values. The total population showed a high percentage of homozygotes and genetic differentiation was low. Checker and Spread markers suggested possible selection effects. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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          The evolution, maintenance and adaptive function of genetic colour polymorphism in birds.

          The hypothesis that ornaments can honestly signal quality only if their expression is condition-dependent has dominated the study of the evolution and function of colour traits. Much less interest has been devoted to the adaptive function of colour traits for which the expression is not, or is to a low extent, sensitive to body condition and the environment in which individuals live. The aim of the present paper is to review the current theoretical and empirical knowledge of the evolution, maintenance and adaptive function of colour plumage traits for which the expression is mainly under genetic control. The finding that in many bird species the inheritance of colour morphs follows the laws of Mendel indicates that genetic colour polymorphism is frequent. Polymorphism may have evolved or be maintained because each colour morph facilitates the exploitation of alternative ecological niches as suggested by the observation that individuals are not randomly distributed among habitats with respect to coloration. Consistent with the hypothesis that different colour morphs are linked to alternative strategies is the finding that in a majority of species polymorphism is associated with reproductive parameters, and behavioural, life-history and physiological traits. Experimental studies showed that such covariations can have a genetic basis. These observations suggest that colour polymorphism has an adaptive function. Aviary and field experiments demonstrated that colour polymorphism is used as a criterion in mate-choice decisions and dominance interactions confirming the claim that conspecifics assess each other's colour morphs. The factors favouring the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation in coloration are reviewed, but empirical data are virtually lacking to assess their importance. Although current theory predicts that only condition-dependent traits can signal quality, the present review shows that genetically inherited morphs can reveal the same qualities. The study of genetic colour polymorphism will provide important and original insights on the adaptive function of conspicuous traits.
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            Melanin-based coloration is related to parasite intensity and cellular immune response in an urban free living bird: the feral pigeon Columba livia

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              Strength and cost of an induced immune response are associated with a heritable melanin-based colour trait in female tawny owls.

              1. Melanin pigments provide the most widespread source of coloration in vertebrates, but the adaptive function of such traits remains poorly known. 2. In a wild population of tawny owls (Strix aluco), we investigated the relationships between plumage coloration, which varies continuously from dark to pale reddish, and the strength and cost of an induced immune response. 3. The degree of reddishness in tawny owl feather colour was positively correlated with the concentration of phaeomelanin and eumelanin pigments, and plumage coloration was highly heritable (h(2) = 0.93). No carotenoids were detected in the feathers. 4. In mothers, the degree of melanin-based coloration was associated with antibody production against a vaccine, with dark reddish females maintaining a stronger level of antibody for a longer period of time compared to pale reddish females, but at a cost in terms of greater loss of body mass. 5. A cross-fostering experiment showed that, independent of maternal coloration, foster chicks reared by vaccinated mothers were lighter than those reared by nonvaccinated mothers. Hence, even though dark reddish mothers suffered a stronger immune cost than pale reddish mothers, this asymmetric cost was not translated to offspring growth. 6. Our study suggests that different heritable melanin-based colorations are associated with alternative strategies to resist parasite attacks, with dark reddish individuals investing more resources towards the humoral immune response than lightly reddish conspecifics.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                racefn
                Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
                Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.
                Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0370-3908
                March 2019
                : 43
                : 166
                : 78-83
                Affiliations
                [2] Montería Córdoba orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Humanas orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental Colombia
                [1] Montería Córdoba orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Básicas orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Colombia
                Article
                S0370-39082019000100078
                10.18257/raccefyn.794
                8e78ab6c-5a0b-4db1-91de-e93c36d76dbf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2018
                : 11 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Ciencias naturales

                Gene flow,Estructura genética,Frecuencia alélica,Flujo genético,Heterocigocidad,Genetic structure,Allelic frequency,Heterozygosity

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