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      Simple and economical biosensors for distinguishing Agrobacterium-mediated plant galls from nematode-mediated root knots

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          Abstract

          Agrobacterium-mediated plant galls are often misdiagnosed as nematode-mediated knots, even by experts, because the gall symptoms in both conditions are very similar. In the present study, we developed biosensor strains based on agrobacterial opine metabolism that easily and simply diagnoses Agrobacterium-induced root galls. Our biosensor consists of Agrobacterium mannitol (ABM) agar medium, X-gal, and a biosensor. The working principle of the biosensor is that exogenous nopaline produced by plant root galls binds to NocR, resulting in NocR/nopaline complexes that bind to the promoter of the nopaline oxidase gene ( nox) operon and activate the transcription of noxB- lacZY, resulting in readily visualized blue pigmentation on ABM agar medium supplemented with X-gal (ABMX-gal). Similarly, exogenous octopine binds to OccR, resulting in OoxR/octopine complexes that bind to the promoter of the octopine oxidase gene ( oox) operon and activate the transcription of ooxB- lacZY, resulting in blue pigmentation in the presence of X-gal. Our biosensor is successfully senses opines produced by Agrobacterium-infected plant galls, and can be applied to easily distinguish Agrobacterium crown gall disease from nematode disease.

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          Most cited references34

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          The host range of crown gall

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            Agrobacterium tumefaciens as an agent of disease.

            Twenty-six years ago it was found that the common soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of extraordinary feats of interkingdom genetic transfer. Since this discovery, A. tumefaciens has served as a model system for the study of type IV bacterial secretory systems, horizontal gene transfer and bacterial-plant signal exchange. It has also been modified for controlled genetic transformation of plants, a core technology of plant molecular biology. These areas have often overshadowed its role as a serious, widespread phytopathogen - the primary driver of the first 80 years of Agrobacterium research. Now, the diverse areas of A. tumefaciens research are again converging because new discoveries in transformation biology and the use of A. tumefaciens vectors are allowing the development of novel, effective biotechnology-based strategies for the control of crown gall disease.
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              A PLANT-TUMOR OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jinwoo@gnu.ac.kr
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                29 November 2019
                29 November 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 17961
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0661 1492, GRID grid.256681.e, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, , Gyeongsang National University, ; Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0661 1492, GRID grid.256681.e, Department of Plant Medicine, , Gyeongsang National University, ; Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0661 1492, GRID grid.256681.e, Division of Applied Life Science, , Gyeongsang National University, ; Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0790 959X, GRID grid.411377.7, Department of Biology, , Indiana University, ; Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-1760
                Article
                54568
                10.1038/s41598-019-54568-2
                6884505
                31784634
                8eaca455-77f4-420e-aa7c-1ee840abc6eb
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 5 September 2019
                : 15 November 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF);
                Award ID: 2015R1A6A1A03031413
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
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                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                bacterial genes,bacterial genetics
                Uncategorized
                bacterial genes, bacterial genetics

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