2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Macronutrients and micronutrients in Spanish adult vegans (Mediterranean population) Translated title: Macronutrientes y micronutrientes en adultos veganos españoles (población mediterránea)

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: studies have been published in Europe comparing the mean macronutrient and micronutrient intake values of the general population with those of the vegan population, but none has been conducted in a country that mainly follows the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out this comparison in Spain. Methods: a cross-sectional study of a sample of Spanish vegans was designed in 2015. To compare the distribution of nutrients with those of the general population, we used data from the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, which was considered to be normally distributed as it was a large population with biological parameters. All participants were asked about their dietary intake for the previous day (24 hour reminder) and the nutrients were calculated using specialized software. The distributions were compared using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: the sample comprised 102 vegans, 67 of whom were women. The vegan population consumed more carbohydrates and fiber, less total fat (women only), fewer saturated fatty acids, and more polyunsaturated fatty acids. They had much lower cholesterol intake, lower calcium and iodine intake, higher iron and folic acid intake, and much lower intake of vitamins B12 and D. Conclusions: Spanish vegans had nutritional deficiencies compared to the general population and should therefore ensure their diet includes the necessary supplements.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: se han publicado en Europa estudios que comparan los valores medios de ingesta de macronutrientes y micronutrientes de la población general con los de la población vegana, pero ninguno se ha llevado a cabo en un país que sigue principalmente la dieta mediterránea. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo esta comparación en España. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio transversal de una muestra de veganos españoles en 2015. Para comparar la distribución de nutrientes con los de la población general, utilizamos datos de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, considerando dichos datos como una distribución normal de parámetros biológicos al constituir una gran muestra. A todos los participantes se les preguntó sobre su ingesta dietética en el día anterior y los nutrientes se calcularon utilizando un software especializado. Las distribuciones se compararon mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Resultados: la muestra comprendió 102 veganos, 67 de los cuales eran mujeres. La población vegana consumió más carbohidratos y fibra, menos grasa total (solo mujeres), menos ácidos grasos saturados y más ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Tenían una ingesta mucho más baja de colesterol, una ingesta más baja de calcio y yodo, una mayor ingesta de hierro y ácido fólico, y una ingesta mucho más baja de vitaminas B12 y D. Conclusión: los veganos españoles tenían deficiencias nutricionales en comparación con la población general y, por lo tanto, deben asegurarse de que su dieta incluya los suplementos necesarios.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet

          The number of studies comparing nutritional quality of restrictive diets is limited. Data on vegan subjects are especially lacking. It was the aim of the present study to compare the quality and the contributing components of vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and omnivorous diets. Dietary intake was estimated using a cross-sectional online survey with a 52-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were calculated as indicators for diet quality. After analysis of the diet questionnaire and the FFQ, 1475 participants were classified as vegans (n = 104), vegetarians (n = 573), semi-vegetarians (n = 498), pesco-vegetarians (n = 145), and omnivores (n = 155). The most restricted diet, i.e., the vegan diet, had the lowest total energy intake, better fat intake profile, lowest protein and highest dietary fiber intake in contrast to the omnivorous diet. Calcium intake was lowest for the vegans and below national dietary recommendations. The vegan diet received the highest index values and the omnivorous the lowest for HEI-2010 and MDS. Typical aspects of a vegan diet (high fruit and vegetable intake, low sodium intake, and low intake of saturated fat) contributed substantially to the total score, independent of the indexing system used. The score for the more prudent diets (vegetarians, semi-vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians) differed as a function of the used indexing system but they were mostly better in terms of nutrient quality than the omnivores.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies.

            We combined data from 5 prospective studies to compare the death rates from common diseases of vegetarians with those of nonvegetarians with similar lifestyles. A summary of these results was reported previously; we report here more details of the findings. Data for 76172 men and women were available. Vegetarians were those who did not eat any meat or fish (n = 27808). Death rate ratios at ages 16-89 y were calculated by Poisson regression and all results were adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates of effect for all studies combined. There were 8330 deaths after a mean of 10.6 y of follow-up. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was 24% lower in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians (death rate ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.94; P 5 y. Further categorization of diets showed that, in comparison with regular meat eaters, mortality from ischemic heart disease was 20% lower in occasional meat eaters, 34% lower in people who ate fish but not meat, 34% lower in lactoovovegetarians, and 26% lower in vegans. There were no significant differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in mortality from cerebrovascular disease, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, or all other causes combined.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Finnish Vegans and Non-Vegetarians

              Background Vegetarian and vegan diets have become more popular among adolescents and young adults. However, few studies have investigated the nutritional status of vegans, who may be at risk of nutritional deficiencies. Objective To compare dietary intake and nutritional status of Finnish long-term vegans and non-vegetarians. Methods Dietary intake and supplement use were estimated using three-day dietary records. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring biomarkers in plasma, serum, and urine samples. Vegans’ (n = 22) data was compared with those of sex- and age-matched non-vegetarians (n = 19). Results All vegans adhered strictly to their diet; however, individual variability was marked in food consumption and supplementation habits. Dietary intakes of key nutrients, vitamins B12 and D, were lower (P < 0.001) in vegans than in non-vegetarians. Nutritional biomarker measurements showed lower concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), iodine and selenium (corrected for multiple comparisons, P < 0.001), Vegans showed more favorable fatty acid profiles (P < 0.001) as well as much higher concentrations of polyphenols such as genistein and daidzein (P < 0.001). Eicosapentaenoic acid proportions in vegans were higher than expected. The median concentration of iodine in urine was below the recommended levels in both groups. Conclusions Long-term consumption of a vegan diet was associated with some favorable laboratory measures but also with lowered concentrations of key nutrients compared to reference values. This study highlights the need for nutritional guidance to vegans.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2020
                : 37
                : 3
                : 549-558
                Affiliations
                [3] Alicante orgnameNutrition and Bromatology orgdiv1Department of Analytical Chemistry Spain
                [2] Alicante orgnameUniversidad Miguel Hernández orgdiv1Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry orgdiv2Department of Pharmacology Spain
                [1] Alicante orgnameUniversidad Miguel Hernández orgdiv1Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry orgdiv2Department of Clinical Medicine Spain
                [4] Alicante Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Department of Nursing Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112020000400549 S0212-1611(20)03700300549
                10.20960/nh.02939
                32406740
                8eaf3cb4-7382-4fbf-b06a-a6e7acd2be1c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 November 2019
                : 03 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Vegans,Nutrients,Diet,Nutrientes,Veganos,Mediterranean region,Mediterráneo,Dieta

                Comments

                Comment on this article