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      Insulin and PIP3Activate PKC-ζ by Mechanisms That Are Both Dependent and Independent of Phosphorylation of Activation Loop (T410) and Autophosphorylation (T560) Sites†

      , , , ,
      Biochemistry
      American Chemical Society (ACS)

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          Abstract

          Activation of protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta) by insulin requires phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent increases in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO(4))(3) (PIP(3)) and phosphorylation of activation loop and autophosphorylation sites, but actual mechanisms are uncertain. Presently, we examined: (a) acute effects of insulin on threonine (T)-410 loop phosphorylation and (b) effects of (i) alanine (A) and glutamate (E) mutations at T410 loop and T560 autophosphorylation sites and (ii) N-terminal truncation on insulin-induced activation of PKC-zeta. Insulin acutely increased T410 loop phosphorylation, suggesting enhanced action of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1). Despite increasing in vitro autophosphorylation of wild-type PKC-zeta and T410E-PKC-zeta, insulin and PIP(3) did not stimulate autophosphorylation of T560A, T560E, T410A/T560E, T410E/T560A, or T410E/T560E mutant forms of PKC-zeta; thus, T560 appeared to be the sole autophosphorylation site. Activating effects of insulin and/or PIP(3) on enzyme activity were completely abolished in T410A-PKC-zeta, partially compromised in T560A-PKC-zeta, T410E/T560A-PKC-zeta, and T410A/T560E-PKC-zeta, and largely intact in T410E-PKC-zeta, T560E-PKC-zeta, and T410E/T560E-PKC-zeta. Activation of the T410E/T560E mutant suggested a phosphorylation-independent mechanism. As functional correlates, insulin effects on epitope-tagged GLUT4 translocation were compromised by expression of T410A-PKC-zeta, T560A-PKC-zeta, T410E/T560A, and T410A/T560E-PKC-zeta but not T410E-PKC-zeta, T560E-PKC-zeta, or T410E/T560E-PKC-zeta. Insulin, but not PIP(3), activated truncated, pseudosubstrate-lacking forms of PKC-zeta and PKC-lambda by a wortmannin-sensitive mechanism, apparently involving PI 3-kinase/PDK-1-dependent phosphorylations but independent of PIP(3)-dependent conformational activation. Our findings suggest that insulin, via PIP(3), provokes increases in PKC-zeta enzyme activity through (a) PDK-1-dependent T410 loop phosphorylation, (b) T560 autophosphorylation, and (c) phosphorylation-independent/conformational-dependent relief of pseudosubstrate autoinhibition.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Biochemistry
          Biochemistry
          American Chemical Society (ACS)
          0006-2960
          1520-4995
          January 2001
          January 2001
          : 40
          : 1
          : 249-255
          Article
          10.1021/bi0018234
          11141077
          8eb9be4e-4b3a-46b6-a330-739074f584d3
          © 2001
          History

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