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      Future Directions in Single-Session Youth Mental Health Interventions

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          Abstract

          The United States spends more money on mental health services than any other country, yet access to effective psychological services remains strikingly low. The need-to-access gap is especially wide among children and adolescents, with up to 80% of youths with mental health needs going without services, and the remainder often receiving insufficient or untested care. Single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward improving accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and completion rates for youth mental health services. SSIs are structured programs that intentionally involve only one visit or encounter with a clinic, provider, or program; they may serve as stand-alone or adjunctive clinical services. A growing body of evidence supports the capacity of SSIs to reduce and prevent youth psychopathology of multiple types. Here, we provide a working definition of SSIs for use in future research and practice; summarize the literature to date on SSIs for child and adolescent mental health; and propose recommendations for the future design, evaluation, and implementation of SSIs across a variety of settings and contexts. We hope that this paper will serve as an actionable research agenda for gauging the full potential of SSIs as a force for youth mental health.

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          Most cited references64

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          Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

          <i>Statistical Power Analysis</i> is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: <br> * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods;<br> * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and;<br> * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.<br>
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            Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity.

            Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has emerged in the last decades as a transformative research paradigm that bridges the gap between science and practice through community engagement and social action to increase health equity. CBPR expands the potential for the translational sciences to develop, implement, and disseminate effective interventions across diverse communities through strategies to redress power imbalances; facilitate mutual benefit among community and academic partners; and promote reciprocal knowledge translation, incorporating community theories into the research. We identify the barriers and challenges within the intervention and implementation sciences, discuss how CBPR can address these challenges, provide an illustrative research example, and discuss next steps to advance the translational science of CBPR.
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              Choosing Prediction Over Explanation in Psychology: Lessons From Machine Learning.

              Psychology has historically been concerned, first and foremost, with explaining the causal mechanisms that give rise to behavior. Randomized, tightly controlled experiments are enshrined as the gold standard of psychological research, and there are endless investigations of the various mediating and moderating variables that govern various behaviors. We argue that psychology's near-total focus on explaining the causes of behavior has led much of the field to be populated by research programs that provide intricate theories of psychological mechanism but that have little (or unknown) ability to predict future behaviors with any appreciable accuracy. We propose that principles and techniques from the field of machine learning can help psychology become a more predictive science. We review some of the fundamental concepts and tools of machine learning and point out examples where these concepts have been used to conduct interesting and important psychological research that focuses on predictive research questions. We suggest that an increased focus on prediction, rather than explanation, can ultimately lead us to greater understanding of behavior.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
                Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
                Informa UK Limited
                1537-4416
                1537-4424
                March 03 2020
                December 04 2019
                March 03 2020
                : 49
                : 2
                : 264-278
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
                Article
                10.1080/15374416.2019.1683852
                7065925
                31799863
                8ec129e3-c7f4-423f-8b59-9ee58efdc433
                © 2020
                History

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