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      Visitantes florales no polinizadores en plantas del género Cucúrbita y su relación con la presencia de abejas polinizadoras Translated title: Non-pollinating flower visitors in flowers of the genus Cucurbita and their relationship with the presence of pollinating bees

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          Abstract

          Resumen Los insectos visitantes de flores pueden ser polinizadores o, por el contrario, no tener relación con el proceso reproductivo de las plantas. Las interacciones entre visitantes florales polinizadores y no-polinizadores pueden influir negativamente en la transferencia de polen. Poco se conoce acerca de los efectos de las visitas de abejas en la polinización de flores de zapallo (Cucurbita spp.) y sus interacciones con la presencia de otros visitantes florales. El estudio se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) en el sur de Santa Fe (Argentina) y en él se evaluó el efecto de la presencia de visitantes florales no-polinizadores en el forrajeo de las abejas presentes en las flores de dos especies cultivadas de zapallo. Como variables se incluyeron el sexo de la flor y las especies de zapallo C. maxima y C. moschata. Se registraron un total de 937 visitantes en 403 flores. Las abejas de las tribus Eucerini y Apini fueron los polinizadores más abundantes con un promedio de 2.3 individuos por flor durante 10 minutos de observación. Los dípteros, el sexo de la flor y la especie de zapallo no influyeron en el número de visitas de las abejas, mientras que la estadía prolongada de coleópteros y formícidos afectaron negativamente la presencia de abejas en ambas especies de zapallo. La presencia de coleópteros redujo las visitas de abejas en 38%; mientras que, en presencia de hormigas, aquéllas no visitaron las flores. El robo de néctar y polen por parte de visitantes florales no-polinizadores podría tener un efecto negativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de zapallo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Visiting flower insects can be pollinators or, on the contrary, have no relation to the reproductive process of plants. Interactions between pollinating and non-pollinating floral visitors can negatively influence pollen transfer. Little is known about the effects of bee visits on the pollination of squash flowers (Cucurbita spp.) their interactions with the presence of other floral visitors. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences (National University of Rosario) in the south of Santa Fe (Argentina). The effect of the presence of non-pollinating floral visitors on the foraging of bees present in the flowers of two cultivated species of pumpkin was evaluated. As variables, the sex of the flower and the squash species C. maxima and C. moschata were included. A total of 937 visitors were registered in 403 flowers. Bees from the Eucerini and Apini tribes were the most abundant pollinators with an average of 2.3 individuals per flower during 10 minutes of observation. Diptera, flower sex and pumpkin species did not influence the number of visits by bees, while the prolonged stay of coleoptera and formicids negatively affected the presence of bees in both pumpkin species. The presence of beetle reduced bee visits by 38%; in the presence of ants, the bees did not look for the flowers. The theft of nectar and pollen by non-pollinating floral visitors can have a negative effect on the reproductive success of squash.

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          Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4

          Maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the parameters in linear mixed-effects models can be determined using the lmer function in the lme4 package for R. As for most model-fitting functions in R, the model is described in an lmer call by a formula, in this case including both fixed- and random-effects terms. The formula and data together determine a numerical representation of the model from which the profiled deviance or the profiled REML criterion can be evaluated as a function of some of the model parameters. The appropriate criterion is optimized, using one of the constrained optimization functions in R, to provide the parameter estimates. We describe the structure of the model, the steps in evaluating the profiled deviance or REML criterion, and the structure of classes or types that represents such a model. Sufficient detail is included to allow specialization of these structures by users who wish to write functions to fit specialized linear mixed models, such as models incorporating pedigrees or smoothing splines, that are not easily expressible in the formula language used by lmer. Journal of Statistical Software, 67 (1) ISSN:1548-7660
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            ROCR is a package for evaluating and visualizing the performance of scoring classifiers in the statistical language R. It features over 25 performance measures that can be freely combined to create two-dimensional performance curves. Standard methods for investigating trade-offs between specific performance measures are available within a uniform framework, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs, precision/recall plots, lift charts and cost curves. ROCR integrates tightly with R's powerful graphics capabilities, thus allowing for highly adjustable plots. Being equipped with only three commands and reasonable default values for optional parameters, ROCR combines flexibility with ease of usage. http://rocr.bioinf.mpi-sb.mpg.de. ROCR can be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Running within R, it is platform-independent. tobias.sing@mpi-sb.mpg.de.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acag
                Acta Agronómica
                Acta Agron.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Palmira, Valle, Colombia )
                0120-2812
                December 2020
                : 69
                : 4
                : 256-265
                Affiliations
                [2] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET Argentina leo@ 123456imbiv.unc.edu.ar
                [1] Santa Fé orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Rosario orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, CONICET Argentina mariana.mazzei@ 123456unr.edu.ar
                Article
                S0120-28122020000400256 S0120-2812(20)06900400256
                10.15446/acag.v69n4.87639
                8f1f7edd-e133-4905-87a6-52e246b05684

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 September 2020
                : 26 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 69, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                interacción,Coleoptera,Diptera,Formicidae,Interaction,Squash,Coleópteros,Dípteros,Formícidos,Zapallos

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