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      Mental health impact by COVID-19 in hospitalized patients sample in Mexico City Translated title: Impacto en la salud mental en una muestra de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México

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          Abstract

          Abstract One of the consequences of pandemic is the increase in the prevalence of mental alterations such as anxiety, depression and stress. Since here, we aimed to determinate through a transversal and observational study prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within hospitalized patients by COVID-19 as well as their likely association with the emotional impact received by relatives with hospitalized patients by COVID-19. Forty-five COVID-19 hospitalized patients with mean age of 54.4 ± 9.6 years and fifty-five relatives with mean age of 43.2 ± 11.8 years answered a questions battery and DASS-21 survey. Our results revealed high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress assessed by DASS-21 subscales. We also identified risk factors associated with the emotional health such as age (< 50 years: depression OR = 2.99 (1.31, 6.80), p < .05 and anxiety OR = 2.83 (1.15, 6.93), p < .05), by gender (female: anxiety OR = 4.13 (1.57, 10.89), p < .05 and stress OR = 5.38 (2.27, 12.8), p < .05), by group of study (relatives: depression OR = 3.83 (1.63, 8.96); p < .05, anxiety OR = 3.60 (1.46, 8.88); p < .05 and stress OR = 3.30 (1.41, 7.70); p < .05). Additionally, female gender and low socioeconomic status in patients (β = 3.23; 1.96) and relatives (β = 1.86; 2.31) were associated with higher scores in anxiety (p < .05) and stress (p < .05). We concluded that our sample of COVID-19 patients maintain a high prevalence of mental alterations and age, gender and socioeconomic status modify the magnitude of these disorders.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Una de las consecuencias de la pandemia es el aumento de la prevalencia de alteraciones mentales como la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés. En este estudio transversal y observacional se evaluó la prevalencia de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 así como la probable asociación con el impacto emocional recibido por familiares de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Cuarenta y cinco pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 con una edad promedio de 54.4 ± 9.6 años y cincuenta y cinco familiares de pacientes hospitalizados con una edad promedio de 43.2 ± 11.8 años respondieron una batería de preguntas y la encuesta DASS-21. Nuestros resultados revelaron una alta prevalencia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés identificados por DASS-21. En este estudio identificamos factores de riesgo asociados a la salud emocional como la edad (< 50 años: depresión RM = 2.99 (1.31, 6.80) p < .05 y ansiedad RM = 2.83 (1.15, 6.93), p < .05), el género (mujeres: ansiedad RM = 4.13 (1.57, 10.89), p < .05 y estrés RM = 5.38 (2.27, 12.8), p < .05) y el grupo de estudio (familiares: depresión RM = 3.83 (1.63, 8.96); p < .05 , ansiedad RM = 3.60 (1.46, 8.88); p < .05 y estrés RM = 3.30 (1.41, 7.70); p < .05). Además, el género femenino y el nivel socioeconómico bajo de los pacientes (β = 3.23; 1.96) y familiares (β = 1.86; 2.31) se asociaron con puntuaciones más altas en ansiedad (p < .05) y estrés (p < .05). Concluimos que la muestra de pacientes con COVID-19 mantiene una alta prevalencia de alteraciones mentales y que algunos factores sociodemográficos se asocian con la magnitud de estos trastornos.

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          Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6). Conclusion COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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            Mild or Moderate Covid-19

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              Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults

              The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18–45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                December 2022
                : 38
                : 3
                : 448-457
                Affiliations
                [3] Mexico City California orgnameNaval Medical Center orgdiv1Department of Rheumatology United States
                [1] Mexico City orgnameHospital Juárez de México orgdiv1Department of Rheumatology México
                [2] Mexico City orgnameHospital Juárez de México orgdiv1Mental Health Unit México
                [6] Lerma orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana orgdiv1Health Sciences Department Mexico
                [4] Colima orgnameUniversidad de Colima orgdiv1School of Medicine Mexico
                [5] Guanajuato orgnameUniversidad de Guanajuato orgdiv1Division of Natural and Exact Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nursing and Midwifery Mexico
                Article
                S0212-97282022000300006 S0212-9728(22)03800300006
                10.6018/analesps.502711
                8f2885ea-65e2-4c61-aa95-c837ac8248f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 June 2022
                : 27 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Clinical and Health Psychology

                DASS-21,Anxiety,Estrés,Depression,COVID-19,Stress,Ansiedad,Depresión
                DASS-21, Anxiety, Estrés, Depression, COVID-19, Stress, Ansiedad, Depresión

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