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      Multiple Genome Sequences of Helicobacter pylori Strains of Diverse Disease and Antibiotic Resistance Backgrounds from Malaysia

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          Abstract

          Helicobacter pylori causes human gastroduodenal diseases, including chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It is also a major microbial risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Twenty-one strains with different ethnicity, disease, and antimicrobial susceptibility backgrounds were sequenced by use of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS platforms.

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          H. pylori and gastric cancer: the Asian enigma.

          The actual distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection and its related diseases in various Asian countries is controversial. Only limited information is available regarding this issue. We discuss the etiological role of H. pylori in gastric cancer through the Asian experience. Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects and the annual incidence rate of gastric cancer per 100,000 in various Asian countries are summarized from literature reviews and World Health Organization statistics, respectively. There is a large intercountry variation in incidence of gastric cancer and H. pylori seroprevalence among Asian countries. There is a strong link between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in many countries, such as Japan. By contrast, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in some countries, including India and Bangladesh, but low gastric cancer rates have been reported. These disparate observations represent the Asian enigma. Factors that may influence the etiology of gastric cancer include the genetic diversity of the infecting H. pylori strains and differences in the host genetic background in various ethnic groups, including gastric acid secretion and genetic polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokines. These factors, in addition to environmental factors, such as personal hygiene and dietary habits, reflect the multifactorial etiology of gastric cancer.
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            Ethnicity and H. pylori as risk factors for gastric cancer in Malaysia: A prospective case control study.

            To determine the risk factors for gastric cancer (GCA), with particular emphasis on ethnicity in our multiracial population. A prospective case control study with ratio of cancer:controls of 1:2. Diagnosis of H. pylori was made by serology using the ELISA technique. Dietary intake was assessed by dietary recall over the preceding 6 months. Eighty-seven cases of GCA were enrolled. The cancers were predominantly distal in location and of the intestinal type. Risk factors identified following multiple logistic regression analysis were: Chinese race (OR 10.23 [2.87-36.47]), H. pylori (OR 2.54 [1.16-5.58]), low level of education (OR 9.81 [2.03-47.46]), smoking (OR 2.52 [1.23-5.15]), and high intake of salted fish and vegetables (OR 5.18 [1.35-20.00]) were identified as significant independent risk factors for GCA, while high intake of fresh fruits and vegetables was protective for GCA (OR 0.15 [0.04-0.64]). Chili intake was not a significant protective factor following multivariate analysis. Chinese race was a strong independent predictor of GCA. H. pylori was an important predictor of GCA with a 2.5-fold greater risk in our patients. Despite a high prevalence of H. pylori, the prevalence of GCA among Indians was low and this paradox can be appropriately called the "Indian enigma."
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              Helicobacter pylori: phenotypes, genotypes and virulence genes.

              Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucus overlying the epithelium of the stomach in more than 50% of the world's population. This gastric colonization induces chronic gastric inflammation in all infected individuals, but only induces clinical diseases in 10-20% of infected individuals. These include peptic ulcers, acute and atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric B-cell lymphoma. Various bacterial virulence factors are associated with the development of such gastric diseases, and the characterization of these markers could aid medical prognosis, which could be extremely important in predicting clinical outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of the phenotypes, virulence-related genes and genotypes of H. pylori in the establishment of gastric colonization and the development of associated diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Genome Announc
                Genome Announc
                ga
                ga
                GA
                Genome Announcements
                American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                2169-8287
                19 September 2013
                Sep-Oct 2013
                : 1
                : 5
                : e00687-13
                Affiliations
                Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [a ]
                Malaysian Genomics Resource Centre Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [b ]
                Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA [c ]
                PacBio Singapore, Teletech Park, Singapore [d ]
                School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia [e ]
                Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [f ]
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Jamuna Vadivelu, jamuna@ 123456ummc.edu.my .
                Article
                genomeA00687-13
                10.1128/genomeA.00687-13
                3778195
                24051312
                8f2d5d64-569d-4ab9-a1e4-471f8cd1a1ed
                Copyright © 2013 Rehvathy et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

                History
                : 4 August 2013
                : 26 August 2013
                Page count
                Pages: 2
                Categories
                Prokaryotes
                Custom metadata
                September/October 2013
                free

                Genetics
                Genetics

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