13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Indole and p-cresol in feces of healthy subjects: Concentration, kinetics, and correlation with microbiome

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Indole and p-cresol are precursors of the most important uremic toxins, generated from the fermentation of amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine by the proteolytic community of intestinal bacteria. The present study focused on the relationship between the microbiome composition, the fecal levels of indole and p-cresol, and their kinetics of generation/degradation in fecal cultures. The concentration of indole and p-cresol, the volatilome, the dry weight, and the amount of ammonium and carbohydrates were analyzed in the feces of 10 healthy adults. Indole and p-cresol widely differed among samples, laying in the range of 1.0–19.5 μg/g and 1.2–173.4 μg/g, respectively. Higher fecal levels of indole and p-cresol were associated with lower carbohydrates and higher ammonium levels, that are markers of a more pronounced intestinal proteolytic metabolism. Positive relationship was observed also with the dry/wet weight ratio, indicator of prolonged intestinal retention of feces. p-cresol and indole presented a statistically significant negative correlation with OTUs of uncultured Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the former belonging to Bacteroides and the latter to the families Butyricicoccaceae (genus Butyricicoccus), Monoglobaceae (genus Monoglobus), Lachnospiraceae (genera Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Eubacterium ventriosum group). The kinetics of formation and/or degradation of indole and p-cresol was investigated in fecal slurries, supplemented with the precursor amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine in strict anaerobiosis. The presence of the precursors bursted indole production but had a lower effect on the rate of p-cresol formation. On the other hand, supplementation with indole reduced the net rate of formation. The taxa that positively correlated with fecal levels of uremic toxins presented a positive correlation also with p-cresol generation rate in biotransformation experiments. Moreover other bacterial groups were positively correlated with generation rate of p-cresol and indole, further expanding the range of taxa associated to production of p-cresol ( Bacteroides, Alistipes, Eubacterium xylanophylum, and Barnesiella) and indole (e.g., Bacteroides, Ruminococcus torques, Balutia, Dialister, Butyricicoccus). The information herein presented contributes to disclose the relationships between microbiota composition and the production of uremic toxins, that could provide the basis for probiotic intervention on the gut microbiota, aimed to prevent the onset, hamper the progression, and alleviate the impact of nephropaties.

          Related collections

          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks.

          Cytoscape is an open source software project for integrating biomolecular interaction networks with high-throughput expression data and other molecular states into a unified conceptual framework. Although applicable to any system of molecular components and interactions, Cytoscape is most powerful when used in conjunction with large databases of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and genetic interactions that are increasingly available for humans and model organisms. Cytoscape's software Core provides basic functionality to layout and query the network; to visually integrate the network with expression profiles, phenotypes, and other molecular states; and to link the network to databases of functional annotations. The Core is extensible through a straightforward plug-in architecture, allowing rapid development of additional computational analyses and features. Several case studies of Cytoscape plug-ins are surveyed, including a search for interaction pathways correlating with changes in gene expression, a study of protein complexes involved in cellular recovery to DNA damage, inference of a combined physical/functional interaction network for Halobacterium, and an interface to detailed stochastic/kinetic gene regulatory models.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            DADA2: High resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data

            We present DADA2, a software package that models and corrects Illumina-sequenced amplicon errors. DADA2 infers sample sequences exactly, without coarse-graining into OTUs, and resolves differences of as little as one nucleotide. In several mock communities DADA2 identified more real variants and output fewer spurious sequences than other methods. We applied DADA2 to vaginal samples from a cohort of pregnant women, revealing a diversity of previously undetected Lactobacillus crispatus variants.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Mol Med
                Front Mol Med
                Front. Mol. Med.
                Frontiers in Molecular Medicine
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2674-0095
                21 September 2022
                2022
                : 2
                : 959189
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italy
                [2] 2 Biogest Siteia , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Reggio Emilia, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Ignazio Castagliuolo, University of Padua, Italy

                Reviewed by: Stefano Dall’Acqua, University of Padua, Italy

                Sheldon George Bruno Waugh, United States Census Bureau, United States

                *Correspondence: Alberto Amaretti, alberto.amaretti@ 123456unimore.it ; Stefano Raimondi, stefano.raimondi@ 123456unimore.it
                [ ‡ ]

                ORCID: Alan Leonardi, orcid.org/0000-0002-6147-1047

                This article was submitted to Molecular Microbes and Disease, a section of the journal Frontiers in Molecular Medicine

                Article
                959189
                10.3389/fmmed.2022.959189
                11285674
                39086966
                8f70290d-3f37-41cc-b6e8-25a87b02637d
                Copyright © 2022 Candeliere, Simone, Leonardi, Rossi, Amaretti and Raimondi.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 01 June 2022
                : 02 September 2022
                Funding
                This work received no specific grant from any funding agency.
                Categories
                Molecular Medicine
                Original Research

                indole,p-cresol,uremic toxins,microbiota,metagenome
                indole, p-cresol, uremic toxins, microbiota, metagenome

                Comments

                Comment on this article