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      The Genomics of Cannabis and Its Close Relatives

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          Abstract

          Cannabis sativa L. is an important yet controversial plant with a long history of recreational, medicinal, industrial, and agricultural use, and together with its sister genus Humulus, it represents a group of plants with a myriad of academic, agricultural, pharmaceutical, industrial, and social interests. We have performed a meta-analysis of pooled published genomics data, and we present a comprehensive literature review on the evolutionary history of Cannabis and Humulus, including medicinal and industrial applications. We demonstrate that current Cannabis genome assemblies are incomplete, with ∼10% missing, 10–25% unmapped, and 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA clusters as well as centromeres/satellite sequences not represented. These assemblies are also ordered at a low resolution, and their consensus quality clouds the accurate annotation of complete, partial, and pseudogenized gene copies. Considering the importance of genomics in the development of any crop, this analysis underlines the need for a coordinated effort to quantify the genetic and biochemical diversity of this species.

          Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 71 is April 20, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Annual Review of Plant Biology
          Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.
          Annual Reviews
          1543-5008
          1545-2123
          April 29 2020
          March 10 2020
          April 29 2020
          : 71
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Biology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
          [2 ]College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada;
          [3 ]Gydle Inc., Québec, Québec G1S 1E7, Canada
          [4 ]Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
          [5 ]Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
          [6 ]Bedrocan International, 9640 CA Veendam, The Netherlands
          [7 ]Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
          [8 ]College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
          [9 ]Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
          [10 ]College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
          [11 ]School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
          [12 ]Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
          Article
          10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-040203
          32155342
          8f9dc4dd-cae7-48b4-b943-19ff8c832143
          © 2020
          History

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