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      Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications

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      Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
      Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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          Abstract

          A detailed review of all 2,047 biomedical and life-science research articles indexed by PubMed as retracted on May 3, 2012 revealed that only 21.3% of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4% of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud or suspected fraud (43.4%), duplicate publication (14.2%), and plagiarism (9.8%). Incomplete, uninformative or misleading retraction announcements have led to a previous underestimation of the role of fraud in the ongoing retraction epidemic. The percentage of scientific articles retracted because of fraud has increased ∼10-fold since 1975. Retractions exhibit distinctive temporal and geographic patterns that may reveal underlying causes.

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          Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin.

          Atsunori Fukuhara, Morihiro Matsuda, Masako Nishizawa … (2005)
          Fat tissue produces a variety of secreted proteins (adipocytokines) with important roles in metabolism. We isolated a newly identified adipocytokine, visfatin, that is highly enriched in the visceral fat of both humans and mice and whose expression level in plasma increases during the development of obesity. Visfatin corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a 52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. Visfatin exerted insulin-mimetic effects in cultured cells and lowered plasma glucose levels in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the visfatin gene had modestly higher levels of plasma glucose relative to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor. Further study of visfatin's physiological role may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis and/or new therapies for metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
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            Scientists behaving badly.

            Brian Martinson, Melissa Anderson, Raymond de Vries (2005)
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              Retracted Science and the Retraction Index

              Ferric C. Fang, Arturo Casadevall, R P Morrison (2011)
              Infection and Immunity, 79(10), 3855-3859 Articles may be retracted when their findings are no longer considered trustworthy due to scientific misconduct or error, they plagiarize previously published work, or they are found to violate ethical guidelines. Using a novel measure that we call the “retraction index,” we found that the frequency of retraction varies among journals and shows a strong correlation with the journal impact factor. Although retractions are relatively rare, the retraction process is essential for correcting the literature and maintaining trust in the scientific process.
              Article 0 comments Cited 117 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
                Abbreviated Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
                Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 0027-8424
                ISSN (Electronic): 1091-6490
                Publication date Created: October 16 2012
                Publication date Created: October 16 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): October 01 2012
                Publication date (Print): October 16 2012
                Volume: 109
                Issue: 42
                Pages: 17028-17033
                Article
                DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212247109
                PMC ID: 3479492
                PubMed ID: 23027971
                SO-VID: 8fa1daa5-2c68-40cd-b5ad-4b5418cdf4b7
                Copyright © © 2012
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