CCopeY: A Mixed-Methods Coproduced Study on the Mental Health Status and Coping Strategies of Young People During COVID-19 UK Lockdown

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Purpose

Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people’s mental health is an increasing priority. Studies to date are largely surveys and lack meaningful involvement from service users in their design, planning, and delivery. The study aimed to examine the mental health status and coping strategies of young people during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown using coproduction methodology.

Methods

The mental health status of young people (aged 16–24) in April 2020 was established utilizing a sequential explanatory coproduced mixed methods design. Factors associated with poor mental health status, including coping strategies, were also examined using an online survey and semi-structured interviews.

Results

Since the lockdown, 30.3% had poor mental health, and 10.8% had self-harmed. Young people identifying as Black/Black-British ethnicity had the highest increased odds of experiencing poor mental health (odds ratio [OR] 3.688, 95% CI .54–25.40). Behavioral disengagement (OR 1.462, 95% CI 1.22–1.76), self-blame (OR 1.307 95% CI 1.10–1.55), and substance use (OR 1.211 95% CI 1.02–1.44) coping strategies, negative affect (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.07–1.15), sleep problems (OR .915 95% CI .88–.95) and conscientiousness personality trait (OR .819 95% CI .69–.98) were significantly associated with poor mental health. Three qualitative themes were identified: (1) pre-existing/developed helpful coping strategies employed, (2) mental health difficulties worsened, and (3) mental health and nonmental health support needed during and after lockdown.

Conclusion

Poor mental health is associated with dysfunctional coping strategies. Innovative coping strategies can help other young people cope during and after lockdowns, with digital and school promotion and application.

Related collections

Most cited references 33

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Using thematic analysis in psychology

Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2016)

0 comments Cited 22238 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.

K Kroenke, R L Spitzer, J B Williams (2001)

While considerable attention has focused on improving the detection of depression, assessment of severity is also important in guiding treatment decisions. Therefore, we examined the validity of a brief, new measure of depression severity. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day). The PHQ-9 was completed by 6,000 patients in 8 primary care clinics and 7 obstetrics-gynecology clinics. Construct validity was assessed using the 20-item Short-Form General Health Survey, self-reported sick days and clinic visits, and symptom-related difficulty. Criterion validity was assessed against an independent structured mental health professional (MHP) interview in a sample of 580 patients. As PHQ-9 depression severity increased, there was a substantial decrease in functional status on all 6 SF-20 subscales. Also, symptom-related difficulty, sick days, and health care utilization increased. Using the MHP reinterview as the criterion standard, a PHQ-9 score > or =10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression. PHQ-9 scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represented mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Results were similar in the primary care and obstetrics-gynecology samples. In addition to making criteria-based diagnoses of depressive disorders, the PHQ-9 is also a reliable and valid measure of depression severity. These characteristics plus its brevity make the PHQ-9 a useful clinical and research tool.

0 comments Cited 7760 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, Auke Tellegen (1988)

In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented.

0 comments Cited 3679 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Adolesc Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Adolesc Health

Title: The Journal of Adolescent Health

Publisher: Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.

ISSN (Print): 1054-139X

ISSN (Electronic): 1879-1972

Publication date PMC-release: 13 February 2021

Publication date (Print): April 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 13 February 2021

Volume: 68

Issue: 4

Pages: 666-675

Affiliations

[a ]NIHR Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK

[b ]School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

[c ]Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK

[d ]Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK

Author notes

[∗ ]Address correspondence to: Lindsay H. Dewa, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, Charing Cross Campus, Reynolds Building, W6 8RP, London, UK.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S1054-139X(21)00020-3

DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.009

PMC ID: 9188746

PubMed ID: 33589305

SO-VID: 8fa494dc-dca3-491a-a879-53f9990deb49

License:

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

CCopeY: A Mixed-Methods Coproduced Study on the Mental Health Status and Coping Strategies of Young People During COVID-19 UK Lockdown

Read this article at

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 33

Using thematic analysis in psychology

The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 151

Cited by 33

Most referenced authors 741