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      Bioaccumulation of Trace Mercury in Trophic Levels of Benthic, Benthopelagic, Pelagic Fish Species, and Sea Birds from Arvand River, Iran

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          Abstract

          In this study, concentration of mercury was determined in the trophic levels of benthic, benthopelagic, pelagic fish species, and river birds from Arvand River, located in the Khuzestan province in the lowlands of southwestern Iran at the head of the Persian Gulf. The order of mercury concentrations in tissues of the fish species was as follows: liver>gill>muscle and in tissues of the kingfisher species was as follows: feather>liver>kidney>muscle. Therefore, liver in fish and feather in kingfisher exhibited higher mercury concentration than the other tissues. There was a positive correlation between mercury concentrations in fish and kingfisher species with size of its food items. We expected to see higher mercury levels in tissues of female species because they are larger and can eat larger food items. The results of this study show that the highest mean mercury level were found in the kingfisher ( Anas crecca), followed by benthic ( Epinephelus diacanthus), benthopelagic ( Chanos chanos), and pelagic fish ( Strongylura strongylura). Mean value of mercury in fish species, S. strongylura were (0.61 μg g −1 dry weight), C. chanos (0.45 μg g −1 dry weight), E. diacanthus (0.87 μg g −1 dry weight), and in kingfisher species A. crecca was (2.64 μg g −1 dry weight). Significant correlation between mercury concentration in fish and kingfisher may be related to high variability of mercury in the fish.

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          Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury.

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            Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five fish species from the Persian Gulf.

            In this study, concentrations of 16 elements were quantified in muscles and livers of 141 fishes belonging to five commercially species. It was also our intention to evaluate potential risks to human health associated with seafood consumption. The grunt, flathead, greasy grouper, tiger-tooth croaker and silver pomfret fish species were obtained from Abadan, Deylam, Bushehr-Nirogah, Dayyer port, Lengeh port and Abbas port in Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khozesran provinces at the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf. The contents of Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Tl, V and Zn in fish muscles and livers were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS), after digestion in a CEM (Mars 5) microwave oven using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Our results indicated that almost all metals were more accumulated in younger flathead, greasy grouper and tiger-tooth fishes. Contrary to the other fish species, grunt seems to stronger accumulating elements in the older fishes. Strong and positive correlations were observed in three or more of the fish species between V, Al, Fe, Tl, Co and Pb. The results confirmed that fish muscle and liver tissues appeared to be good bio-indicators for identification of coastal areas exposed to metallic contaminants. The results also showed that the element levels in the muscles of all fishes in our study were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations and pose no threat to public health, except for arsenic.
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              Mercury emissions to the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources in the Mediterranean region

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                smhbio@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Biol Trace Elem Res
                Biol Trace Elem Res
                Biological Trace Element Research
                Springer US (Boston )
                0163-4984
                1559-0720
                31 October 2013
                31 October 2013
                2013
                : 156
                : 175-180
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box: 669, Tehran, Iran
                [ ]Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khoramshahr Marine Science and Technology University, Khoramshahr, Iran
                Article
                9841
                10.1007/s12011-013-9841-2
                3844145
                24174062
                8faeb731-0d08-4096-b401-9271130440ab
                © The Author(s) 2013

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                : 7 July 2013
                : 2 October 2013
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

                Biochemistry
                river birds,mercury,trophic levels,arvand river,fish
                Biochemistry
                river birds, mercury, trophic levels, arvand river, fish

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