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      Silver Nanoparticles in Dental Biomaterials

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          Abstract

          Silver has been used in medicine for centuries because of its antimicrobial properties. More recently, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized and incorporated into several biomaterials, since their small size provides great antimicrobial effect, at low filler level. Hence, these nanoparticles have been applied in dentistry, in order to prevent or reduce biofilm formation over dental materials surfaces. This review aims to discuss the current progress in this field, highlighting aspects regarding silver nanoparticles incorporation, such as antimicrobial potential, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and long-term effectiveness. We also emphasize the need for more studies to determine the optimal concentration of silver nanoparticle and its release over time.

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          Most cited references104

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          Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

          In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatment, resulting in cell death. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with a {111} lattice plane as the basal plane displayed the strongest biocidal action, compared with spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles and with Ag(+) (in the form of AgNO(3)). It is proposed that nanoscale size and the presence of a {111} plane combine to promote this biocidal property. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
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            Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants.

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              Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity.

              A one-step simple synthesis of silver colloid nanoparticles with controllable sizes is presented. In this synthesis, reduction of [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+) complex cation by four saccharides was performed. Four saccharides were used: two monosaccharides (glucose and galactose) and two disaccharides (maltose and lactose). The syntheses performed at various ammonia concentrations (0.005-0.20 mol L(-1)) and pH conditions (11.5-13.0) produced a wide range of particle sizes (25-450 nm) with narrow size distributions, especially at the lowest ammonia concentrations. The average size, size distribution, morphology, and structure of particles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV/Visible absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of the saccharide structure (monosacharides versus disaccharides) on the size of silver particles is briefly discussed. The reduction of [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+) by maltose produced silver particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size of 25 nm, which showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including highly multiresistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the size of silver particles. A very low concentration of silver (as low as 1.69 mug/mL Ag) gave antibacterial performance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Biomater
                Int J Biomater
                IJBM
                International Journal of Biomaterials
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                1687-8787
                1687-8795
                2015
                15 January 2015
                : 2015
                : 485275
                Affiliations
                1Department of Operative Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, 28625-650 Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
                2Prosthodontics Department, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
                3School of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
                Author notes
                *Isis Andréa Venturini Pola Poiate: isis.poiate@ 123456gmail.com

                Academic Editor: Abdelwahab Omri

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-4428
                Article
                10.1155/2015/485275
                4312639
                25667594
                8fb2e45f-2545-4e39-bedc-46994b2fb6c3
                Copyright © 2015 Juliana Mattos Corrêa et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 September 2014
                : 23 December 2014
                : 23 December 2014
                Categories
                Review Article

                Biomaterials & Organic materials
                Biomaterials & Organic materials

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