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Airway Evaluation and Flexible Endoscopic Procedures in Dogs and Cats: Laryngoscopy, Transtracheal Wash, Tracheobronchoscopy, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
September 2009
September 2009
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Abstract
Flexible endoscopy is a valuable diagnostic approach to the upper and lower respiratory
tract, because it allows direct visualization and sample collection. Techniques requiring
a range of specialized equipment and varying levels of experience have been developed
to access and evaluate each anatomic region. Familiarity with appropriate indications
for each procedure and normal appearance, cytology, and culture results from each
region will enhance diagnostic success.