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      Evolution and Social Cognition: Contrast Effects as a Function of Sex, Dominance, and Physical Attractiveness

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      Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
      SAGE Publications

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          Preferences in human mate selection.

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            Finding the face in the crowd: an anger superiority effect.

            Facial gestures have been given an increasingly critical role in models of emotion. The biological significance of interindividual transmission of emotional signals is a pivotal assumption for placing the face in a central position in these models. This assumption invited a logical corollary, examined in this article: Face-processing should be highly efficient. Three experiments documented an asymmetry in the processing of emotionally discrepant faces embedded in crowds. The results suggested that threatening faces pop out of crowds, perhaps as a result of a preattentive, parallel search for signals of direct threat.
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              Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies

              The finding that women are attracted to men older than themselves whereas men are attracted to relatively younger women has been explained by social psychologists in terms of economic exchange rooted in traditional sex-role norms. An alternative evolutionary model suggests that males and females follow different reproductive strategies, and predicts a more complex relationship between gender and age preferences. In particular, males' preferences for relatively younger females should be minimal during early mating years, but should become more pronounced as the male gets older. Young females are expected to prefer somewhat older males during their early years and to change less as they age. We briefly review relevant theory and present results of six studies testing this prediction. Study 1 finds support for this gender-differentiated prediction in age preferences expressed in personal advertisements. Study 2 supports the prediction with marriage statistics from two U.S. cities. Study 3 examines the cross-generational robustness of the phenomenon, and finds the same pattern in marriage statistics from 1923. Study 4 replicates Study 1 using matrimonial advertisements from two European countries, and from India. Study 5 finds a consistent pattern in marriages recorded from 1913 through 1939 on a small island in the Philippines. Study 6 reveals the same pattern in singles advertisements placed by financially successful American women and men. We consider the limitations of previous normative and evolutionary explanations of age preferences and discuss the advantages of expanding previous models to include the life history perspective.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
                Pers Soc Psychol Bull
                SAGE Publications
                0146-1672
                1552-7433
                July 02 2016
                July 02 2016
                : 20
                : 2
                : 210-217
                Article
                10.1177/0146167294202008
                8fcf1d6e-0a1f-4af0-89be-66ddaaac32d4
                © 2016
                History

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