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      Has the burden of depression been overestimated? Translated title: La charge de dépression a-t-elle été surestimée Translated title: ¿Se ha sobrestimado la carga de depresión?

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether high estimates of the burden of depression could be attributed to an overestimation of disability weights (reflecting more severe disability). METHODS: We derived disability weights that were tailored to prevalence data. Empirical disability data from a Dutch community survey was used to describe three classes of severity of depression and their proportional prevalence. We obtained valuations from experts for each class and calculated the overall disability weight for depression. FINDINGS: Expert valuations were similar to those of previous studies. The overall disability weight for depression was similar to other studies except the 1994 Dutch Burden of Disease Calculation, which it exceeded by 73%. The lower Dutch 1994 disability weight resulted from an overestimation of the proportion of mild cases of depression by experts (60% versus 27% observed in the empirical data used in the present study). CONCLUSION: This study found no indication that disability associated with depression was overestimated. The Dutch example showed the importance of tailoring disability weights to epidemiological data on prevalence.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIF: Examiner la possibilité d'attribuer la valeur élevée des estimations de la charge de dépression à une surestimation des coefficients de pondération servant au calcul des années d'incapacité (indiquant une degré plus grave d'incapacité). MÉTHODES: Des coefficients de pondération destinés au calcul des années d'incapacité et adaptés aux données de prévalence ont été établis. Les données d'incapacité empiriques provenant d'une enquête néerlandaise en communauté ont servi à décrire trois classes de gravité de la dépression et leurs taux de prévalence. Des évaluations des coefficients de pondération pour chacune des classes ont été obtenu auprès d'experts, ce qui a permis de déterminer le coefficient de pondération global pour le calcul des années d'incapacité associées à la dépression. RÉSULTATS: Les évaluations établies par les experts étaient similaires à celles fournies par les études antérieures. Dans le cas de la dépression, le coefficient de pondération global pour le calcul des années d'incapacité présentait une valeur analogue à celle obtenue dans les autres études, à l'exception du Calcul de la charge de morbidité au Pays-Bas de 1994, qui aboutissait à un chiffre inférieur de 73 %. Le coefficient de pondération plus faible de l'étude néerlandaise résultait d'une surestimation par les experts de la proportion de cas de dépression sans gravité (60% contre 27% d'après les données empiriques utilisées dans la présente étude). CONCLUSION: Cette étude n'a mis en évidence aucun élément indiquant une surestimation de l'incapacité liée à la dépression. L'exemple néerlandais montre l'importance d'une adaptation des coefficients pondéraux servant au calcul des années d'incapacité aux données épidémiologiques de prévalence.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Investigar si las altas estimaciones de la carga de depresión podrían atribuirse a una sobrestimación de las ponderaciones de la discapacidad (que reflejarían una mayor gravedad de ésta). MÉTODOS: Desarrollamos ponderaciones de la discapacidad ajustadas a los datos de prevalencia. Se usaron los datos empíricos de discapacidad de una encuesta llevada a cabo en una comunidad holandesa para describir tres clases de gravedad de la depresión y su prevalencia proporcional. Obtuvimos valoraciones de los expertos para cada clase y calculamos el peso global de la discapacidad por depresión. RESULTADOS: Las valoraciones de los expertos fueron similares a las de estudios anteriores. El peso global de la discapacidad correspondiente a la depresión fue similar al de otros estudios, exceptuando el del Cálculo de la Carga de Morbilidad de los Países Bajos de 1994, que superó en un 73%. El menor peso de la discapacidad obtenido en el estudio holandés de 1994 se debió a que los expertos sobrestimaron la proporción de casos leves de depresión (60%, frente al 27% observado en los datos empíricos usados en el presente trabajo). CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio no ha detectado ningún indicio de que se haya sobrestimado la discapacidad asociada a la depresión. El ejemplo holandés muestra la importancia de ajustar las ponderaciones de la discapacidad a los datos epidemiológicos sobre la prevalencia.

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          The global burden for disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020

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            Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life?

            The objective of the present study is to compare the QL of a wide range of chronic disease patients. Secondary analysis of eight existing data sets, including over 15,000 patients, was performed. The studies were conducted between 1993 and 1996 and included population-based samples, referred samples, consecutive samples, and/or consecutive samples. The SF-36 or SF-24 were employed as generic QL instruments. Patients who were older, female, had a low level of education, were not living with a partner, and had at least one comorbid condition, in general, reported the poorest level of QL. On the basis of rank ordering across the QL dimensions, three broad categories could be distinguished. Urogenital conditions, hearing impairments, psychiatric disorders, and dermatologic conditions were found to result in relatively favorable functioning. A group of disease clusters assuming an intermediate position encompassed cardiovascular conditions, cancer, endocrinologic conditions, visual impairments, and chronic respiratory diseases. Gastrointestinal conditions, cerebrovascular/neurologic conditions, renal diseases, and musculoskeletal conditions led to the most adverse sequelae. This categorization reflects the combined result of the diseases and comorbid conditions. If these results are replicated and validated in future studies, they can be considered in addition to information on the prevalence of the diseases, potential benefits of care, and current disease-specific expenditures. This combined information will help to better plan and allocate resources for research, training, and health care.
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              Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey.

              We describe the relationship of depression and depressive symptoms to disability days and days lost from work in 2980 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in North Carolina after 1 year of follow-up. Compared with asymptomatic individuals, persons with major depression had a 4.78 times greater risk of disability (95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 13.88), and persons with minor depression with mood disturbance, but not major depression, had a 1.55 times greater risk (95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.40). Because of its prevalence, individuals with minor depression were associated with 51% more disability days in the community than persons with major depression. This group was also at increased risk of having a concomitant anxiety disorder or developing major depression within 1 year. We conclude that the threshold for identifying clinically significant depression may need to be reevaluated to include persons with fewer symptoms but measurable morbidity. Only by changing our nosology can the societal impact of depression be adequately addressed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                June 2005
                : 83
                : 6
                : 443-448
                Affiliations
                [04] orgnameUniversity of Amsterdam orgdiv1Academic Medical Centre Netherlands
                [01] Rotterdam orgnameUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam orgdiv1Erasmus MC orgdiv2Department of Public Health Netherlands
                [02] Bilthoven orgnameNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment orgdiv1Department for Public Health Forecasting Netherlands
                [03] Utrecht orgnameThe Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction Netherlands
                Article
                S0042-96862005000600012 S0042-9686(05)08300612
                /S0042-96862005000600012
                2626262
                15976895
                9013e683-e511-43f5-8645-a9e31d3aa6e7

                History
                : 17 November 2004
                : 11 March 2004
                : 18 November 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Research

                Países Bajos,Estudio comparativo,Costo de la enfermedad,Personas incapacitadas,Evaluación de la incapacidad,Depresión involutiva,Netherlands,Comparative study,Cost of illness,Disabled persons,Disability evaluation,Depressive disorder, Major,Pays-Bas,Etude comparative,Coût maladie,Handicapé,Evaluation incapacité,Dépression involutive

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