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      Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors in domestic sheep in Henan province, central China Translated title: Séroprévalence de l’infection par Toxoplasma gondii et facteurs de risque chez les moutons domestiques dans la province du Henan, Chine centrale

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          Abstract

          Sheep are highly susceptible to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and play a major role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. In the present study, 779 serum samples from sheep were collected from Henan province, central China from March 2015 to May 2016, and antibodies to T. gondii were detected by modified agglutination test (MAT). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was 12.71% (99/779). The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence were the geographical origin, age, presence of cats, and the rearing system. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in sheep in Henan province, central China, and of an association of seropositivity to T. gondii with risk factors.

          Translated abstract

          Les moutons sont très sensibles aux infections par Toxoplasma gondii et jouent un rôle majeur dans la transmission de la toxoplasmose aux humains. Dans la présente étude, 779 échantillons de sérum de moutons ont été prélevés dans la province du Henan, en Chine centrale, de mars 2015 à mai 2016, et les anticorps contre T. gondii ont été détectés par le test d’agglutination modifié (MAT). La séroprévalence globale de T. gondii chez le mouton était 12.71 % (99/779). Les facteurs de risque significativement associés à la séroprévalence anti- T. gondii étaient l’origine géographique, l’âge, la présence de chats et le système d’élevage. Ceci est le premier rapport concernant l’infection par T. gondii chez le mouton dans la province du Henan, en Chine centrale, et l’association entre la séropositivité à T. gondii et les facteurs de risque.

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          Most cited references37

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          Control of the risk of human toxoplasmosis transmitted by meat.

          One-third of the human world population is infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Recent calculations of the disease burden of toxoplasmosis rank this foodborne disease at the same level as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. The high disease burden in combination with disappointing results of the currently available treatment options have led to a plea for more effective prevention. In this review we describe Toxoplasma as a hazard associated with the consumption of undercooked meat or meat products and provide an analysis of the various options to control the risk of human toxoplasmosis via this source. Monitoring and surveillance programs may be implemented for pre-harvest control of Toxoplasma infection of farm animals, with the reduction of environmental oocyst load as the most important milestone. Alternatively, Toxoplasma safe meat can be obtained through simple post-harvest decontamination procedures, whereby freezing the meat may currently be the best option, although new technologies using irradiation or high-pressure treatment may offer promising alternatives. Influence of culture, religion and food handling customs may predispose a certain type of meat as an important source of infection, indicating that prevention needs to be tailored according to social habits in different regions in the world. The rationale for more stringent control measures to prevent toxoplasmosis both from disease and economic points of view is emphasized.
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            Seroepidemiology of human Toxoplasma gondii infection in China

            Background Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide. In immune competent individuals, Toxoplasma gondii preferentially infects tissues of central nervous systems, which might be an adding factor of certain psychiatric disorders. Congenital transmission of T. gondii during pregnancy has been regarded as a risk factor for the health of newborn infants. While in immune-compromised individuals, the parasite can cause life-threatening infections. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii infection among clinically healthy individuals and patients with psychiatric disorders in China and to identify the potential risk factors related to the vulnerability of infection in the population. Methods Serum samples from 2634 healthy individuals and 547 patients with certain psychiatric disorders in Changchun and Daqing in the northeast, and in Shanghai in the south of China were examined respectively for the levels of anti-T. gondii IgG by indirect ELISA and a direct agglutination assay. Prevalence of T. gondii infection in the Chinese population in respect of gender, age, residence and health status was systematically analyzed. Results The overall anti-T. gondii IgG prevalence in the study population was 12.3%. In the clinically healthy population 12.5% was sero-positive and in the group with psychiatric disorders 11.3% of these patients were positive with anti-T. gondii IgG. A significant difference (P = 0.004) was found between male and female in the healthy population, the seroprevalence was 10.5% in men versus 14.3% in women. Furthermore, the difference of T. gondii infection rate between male and female in the 20-19 year's group was more obvious, with 6.4% in male population and 14.6% in female population. Conclusion A significant higher prevalence of T. gondii infection was observed in female in the clinically healthy population. No correlation was found between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in this study. Results suggest that women are more exposed to T. gondii infection than men in China. The data argue for deeper investigations for the potential risk factors that threat the female populations.
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              Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the North of Portugal for human consumption.

              Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors associated with infection were assessed in food animals from the North of Portugal for human consumption. Antibodies were assayed by means of the modified agglutination test with a cut-off titre of 100 for cattle, and 20 for sheep, goats, and pigs; 7.5% of 161 cattle, 33.6% of 119 sheep, 18.5% of 184 goats, and 9.8% of 254 pigs were seropositive. Among the risk factors examined animal age was an important risk factor for seropositivity to T. gondii. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat should be regarded as an important source of infection to people in the study area. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2016
                24 November 2016
                : 23
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2016/01 )
                : 53
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang Henan 453003 PR China
                [2 ] Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang Henan 453003 PR China
                [3 ] The Fourth Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang Henan 453003 PR China
                [4 ] Xinxiang Assegal Medical Examination Institute Xinxiang Henan 453003 PR China
                Author notes
                [a]

                Authors with the same contribution to this paper.

                Article
                parasite160067 10.1051/parasite/2016064
                10.1051/parasite/2016064
                5134671
                27882868
                902b0697-e4a0-4d32-93fe-719cc0d4c209
                © N. Zhang et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 31 August 2016
                : 13 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Short Note

                toxoplasma gondii,seroprevalence,sheep,mat,central china
                toxoplasma gondii, seroprevalence, sheep, mat, central china

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