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      Prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction among young adults in Bangladesh

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          Abstract

          Background

          In the last decades, the use of internet has increased many folds, and internet addiction has become a severe public health issue around the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of internet addiction among young adults (19–35 years) in Bangladesh and to identify factors associated with it.

          Methods

          A total of 454 participants were selected from three administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling for this cross-sectional study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data which included Young’s 20 items internet addiction test to assess internet addiction.

          Results

          The overall prevalence of internet addiction was 27.1%. Addiction rate was 28.6% in the subgroup 19–24 years and 23.5% among 25–35 years old. In both chi-square and logistic regression analyses, internet addiction was significantly associated with living setup, time spent daily on the internet, a detached family relationship, physical activity, and smoking habit ( p < 0.05). Spending time on social media websites was the most common online activity among the participants.

          Conclusion

          Our study revealed a relatively high prevalence of internet addiction among younger participants. A detached family relationship and living away from the family were significant determinants along other factors. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among young generation and their parents towards predictors of internet addiction.

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          Most cited references21

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          The psychometric properties of the internet addiction test.

          There is growing concern about excessive Internet use and whether this can amount to an addiction. In researching this topic, a valid and reliable assessment instrument is essential. In her survey of Internet addiction, Young designed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), which provides a basis for developments. The IAT has high face validity, but it has not been subjected to systematic psychometric testing. This study sought to replicate and expand Young's survey, and to examine the IAT more systematically. A questionnaire that existed as a Web page was devised, consisting of the IAT and 15 other questions regarding the respondents' demographic information and Internet usage. Participants were recruited through the Internet, yielding 86 valid responses (29 males and 57 females). Factor analysis of the IAT revealed six factors--salience, excessive use, neglecting work, anticipation, lack of control, and neglecting social life. These factors showed good internal consistency and concurrent validity, with salience being the most reliable. Younger and more recent users reported more problems, mainly concerning the neglect of work and social life. We expected interactive Internet functions to be more addictive; however, this was not found to be so. Overall, the IAT is a valid and reliable instrument that may be used in further research on Internet addiction.
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            Internet addiction or excessive internet use.

            Problematic Internet addiction or excessive Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use and Internet access that lead to impairment or distress. Currently, there is no recognition of internet addiction within the spectrum of addictive disorders and, therefore, no corresponding diagnosis. It has, however, been proposed for inclusion in the next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM). To review the literature on Internet addiction over the topics of diagnosis, phenomenology, epidemiology, and treatment. Review of published literature between 2000-2009 in Medline and PubMed using the term "internet addiction. Surveys in the United States and Europe have indicated prevalence rate between 1.5% and 8.2%, although the diagnostic criteria and assessment questionnaires used for diagnosis vary between countries. Cross-sectional studies on samples of patients report high comorbidity of Internet addiction with psychiatric disorders, especially affective disorders (including depression), anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several factors are predictive of problematic Internet use, including personality traits, parenting and familial factors, alcohol use, and social anxiety. Although Internet-addicted individuals have difficulty suppressing their excessive online behaviors in real life, little is known about the patho-physiological and cognitive mechanisms responsible for Internet addiction. Due to the lack of methodologically adequate research, it is currently impossible to recommend any evidence-based treatment of Internet addiction.
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              Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use.

              The model of problematic Internet use advanced and tested in the current study proposes that individuals' psychosocial well-being, along with their beliefs about interpersonal communication (both face-to-face and online) are important cognitive predictors of negative outcomes arising from Internet use. The study examined the extent to which social anxiety explains results previously attributed to loneliness as a predictor of preference for online social interaction and problematic Internet use. The results support the hypothesis that the relationship between loneliness and preference for online social interaction is spurious, and that social anxiety is the confounding variable.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mohammad.alam01@northsouth.edu
                Journal
                J Egypt Public Health Assoc
                J Egypt Public Health Assoc
                The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0013-2446
                2090-262X
                29 January 2020
                29 January 2020
                December 2020
                : 95
                : 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1769 5590, GRID grid.412021.4, School of Dentistry, , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, ; Tobetsu, Ishikari, 061-0233 Japan
                [2 ]GRID grid.443020.1, Department of Public Health, , North South University, ; Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
                [3 ]Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Agargaon, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
                [4 ]Graduex Research Group, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-6257
                Article
                32
                10.1186/s42506-019-0032-7
                7364753
                32813097
                90376a17-89a8-4d7f-9fcb-5a3548173c9a
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 28 April 2019
                : 17 December 2019
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                bangladesh,cell phone,internet addiction,social media,young adult

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