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      The zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, in health and disease.

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          Abstract

          While zinc has had a well-established structural role for many years, it is only during the last two decades that its role as a signaling molecule has been recognized. Ionic zinc, Zn2+, that is endogenously released during physiological activity acts as a first messenger, triggering the activity of a distinct Zn2+-sensing-receptor, ZnR. The ZnR is a member of the Gq-coupled receptor family, and the molecular moiety mediating its activity is GPR39. In this review, we will discuss the role of the ZnR/GPR39 in mediating Zn2+-dependent signaling in epithelial tissues and in neurons, where Zn2+homeostasis plays physiological as well as pathological roles. Importantly, ZnR/GPR39 activates signaling that regulates a remarkably wide range of cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and survival, as well as modulation of ion transport, and thereby, regulation of Na+, H+and Cl-homeostasis. Moreover, signaling activated by ZnR/GPR39 plays a key role in mediating effects of Zn2+in health and disease. Thus, ZnR/GPR39 provides a unique target for therapeutically modifying the actions of zinc in a specific and selective manner.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
          Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
          1093-4715
          1093-4715
          March 01 2017
          : 22
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion university of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
          [2 ] Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion university of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, hmichal@bgu.ac.il.
          Article
          4554
          28199213
          903a6e58-ea7f-42a6-9131-c6bca69666b9
          History

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