Status and influencing factors of health behaviors of community residents in the period of COVID-19 epidemic

Abstract

Objective To understand the community residents′ health behaviors and the influencing factors in the period of COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods Questionnaires, which were designed, and then distributed and collected online; were statistical analyzed.

Results According to a total of 523 valid questionnaires collected, 87.00% residents had no confirmed COVID-19 cases around them, 74.19% knew its transmission route, 69.02% knew the disease preventive measures, 80.50% believed the disease preventive measures, 12.62% believed the disease did not pose serious threat on their lives, and 65.39% were fear of the disease to different degrees. Among the health behaviors, the behavior of wearing a mask initiatively accounts for the largest proportion (97.13%), while the lowest proportion goes to the behavior of eating by dishes separately and using serving chopsticks (35.37%). According to multiple Logistic regression analysis, the factors that influence the community residents′ health behaviors include occupation, access to epidemic information via social platform/newspapers and periodicals, supporting degree of community’s enclosed management, understandings on the confirmed cases nearby and preventive measures and degree of faith. Teachers / medical workers / civil public servants [ OR(95% CI): 2.700(1.235-5.904)], and the residents who knew epidemic information via newspapers and periodicals [ OR(95% CI): 1.728(1.072-2.787)], supported community’s enclosed management [ OR(95% CI): 2.148(1.150-4.013)], knew about preventive measures [ OR(95% CI): 2.274 (1.468-3.523)], and trusted these measures [ OR(95% CI): 1.879(1.119-3.154)] had good health behaviors while the residents hardly knowing whether there was any confirmed case around them [ OR(95% CI):0.253(0.107-0.600)], and knew the epidemic information via social platform [ OR(95% CI): 0.393(0.221 − 0.698)] had poor health behaviors.

Conclusion To cope with the COVID-19, community residents would take certain health behaviors initiatively, which, however, need intensifying. Residents should also enhance their prevention awareness and health behavior level.

Abstract

摘要： 目的 了解新冠肺炎期间社区居民健康行为情况及影响因素。 方法 设计调查问卷通过网络平台发放和 收集 ，并 进行统计学分析。 结果 共收回 523 份有效问卷。 其中 ，87.00% 的居民周围没有确诊的新冠肺炎患者、 74.19% 的居民了解疾病传播途径、69.02% 的居民了解疾病预防措施、80.50% 的居民相信疾病预防措施、12.62% 的居民 认为疫情对其生活威胁不严重、65.39% 的居民对疾病感到不同程度的恐惧。健康行为中，主动佩戴口罩的行为所占比 例最高(97.13%)，进行分餐和使用公筷的行为所占比例最低(35.37%)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示，职业、是否通过 社交平台/报刊杂志获取疫情信息、对小区封闭管理的支持程度、周围是否有确诊患者、对预防措施的了解程度及相信 程度影响社区居民健康行为。教师/医务工作者/公务人员[ OR(95% CI):2.700(1.235~5.904)]健康行为更好，通过报刊杂 志了解疫情信息[ OR(95% CI):1.728(1.072~2.787)]、支持小区封闭管理[ OR(95% CI):2.148(1.150~4.013)]、了解预防措施 [ OR(95% CI):2.274(1.468~3.523)]、相信预防措施[ OR(95% CI):1.879(1.119~3.154)]的居民健康行为更好，不知道周围是 否有确诊患者[ OR(95% CI):0.253(0.107~0.600)]、通过社交平台了解疫情信息[ OR(95% CI):0.393(0.221~0.698)]的居民 健康行为较差。 结论 新冠肺炎疫情期间，社区居民会主动采取一定的健康行为，但有待加强，还应增强居民的预防 意识，提高居民的健康行为水平。