Small molecule compounds with good anti-inflammatory activity reported in the literature from 01/2009 to 05/2021: a review

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Abstract

Inflammation and disease are closely related. Inflammation can induce various diseases, and diseases can promote inflammatory response, and two possibly induces each other in a bidirectional loop. Inflammation is usually treated using synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs which are associated with several adverse effects hence are not safe for long-term use. Therefore, there is need for anti-inflammatory drugs which are not only effective but also safe. Several researchers have devoted to the research and development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs with little or no side effects. In this review, we studied some small molecules with reported anti-inflammatory activities and hence potential sources of anti-inflammatory agents. The information was retrieved from relevant studies published between January 2019 and May, 2021 for review. This review study was aimed to provide relevant information towards the design and development of effective and safe anti-inflammation agents.

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There is now overwhelming experimental and clinical evidence that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Lessons from genome-wide association studies, advanced in vivo imaging techniques, transgenic lineage tracing mice, and clinical interventional studies have shown that both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms can accelerate or curb atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize and discuss the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with a focus on adaptive immunity. We discuss some limitations of animal models and the need for models that are tailored to better translate to human atherosclerosis and ultimately progress in prevention and treatment.

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Is Open Access

Inflammation and Cancer

Nitin Singh, Deepak Baby, Jagadish Prasad Rajguru … (2019)

Inflammation is often associated with the development and progression of cancer. The cells responsible for cancer-associated inflammation are genetically stable and thus are not subjected to rapid emergence of drug resistance; therefore, the targeting of inflammation represents an attractive strategy both for cancer prevention and for cancer therapy. Tumor-extrinsic inflammation is caused by many factors, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, obesity, tobacco smoking, asbestos exposure, and excessive alcohol consumption, all of which increase cancer risk and stimulate malignant progression. In contrast, cancer-intrinsic or cancer-elicited inflammation can be triggered by cancer-initiating mutations and can contribute to malignant progression through the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Both extrinsic and intrinsic inflammations can result in immunosuppression, thereby providing a preferred background for tumor development. The current review provides a link between inflammation and cancer development.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem

Title: Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Print): 1475-6366

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-6374

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 11 October 2021

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 11 October 2021

Volume: 36

Issue: 1

Pages: 2139-2159

Affiliations

[a ]Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System , Inner Mongolia, China;

[b ]Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University , Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China

[c ]First Clinical Medical of Inner, Mongolia Minzu University , Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China

Author notes

¹These authors contribute equally to this work.

CONTACT Huan-huan Du joycetu@ 123456126.com Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University , Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China

Gong Guo-hua gongguohua1224@ 123456126.com First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia Minzu University , Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China

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Huan-huan Du https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3382-4212

Article

Publisher ID: 1984903

DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1984903

PMC ID: 8516162

PubMed ID: 34628990

SO-VID: 906521e9-78be-4e28-85c1-ae34c6695f75

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Small molecule compounds with good anti-inflammatory activity reported in the literature from 01/2009 to 05/2021: a review

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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Most cited references 125

Immunity and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis.

The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble

Inflammation and Cancer

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