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      Equinococosis/hidatidosis en la VII Región de Chile: diagnóstico e intervención educativa Translated title: Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Region VII of Chile: diagnosis and educational intervention

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          Abstract

          El presente estudio se proyectó para un trabajo simultáneo en tres ámbitos: a) diagnóstico serológico y radiológico y tratamiento quirúrgico de la hidatidosis en la población humana asintomática; b) diagnóstico animal y tratamiento de los perros, y c) evaluación de conocimientos e intervención educativa en familias campesinas y en profesionales y técnicos en salud, agropecuaria y educación, con el fin de contribuir al control del ciclo de transmisión de la enfermedad. Se efectuaron pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta y ELISA a 5 566 personas aparentemente sanas. Los 42 (0,8%) casos con resultados positivos en ambas pruebas (seroprevalencia de 754,6 por 100 000) fueron citados para ser sometidos a una ecografía hepática y una radiografía de tórax y, de los 26 que acudieron, 16 presentaron imágenes compatibles con quiste hidatídico. Estos 16 casos fueron enviados al hospital para ser intervenidos y en los 9 que acudieron se confirmó el diagnóstico quirúrgicamente, lo cual representa una prevalencia de 161,7 por 100 000. En 2 358 perros se procedió a la detección de la forma estrobilar de Echinococcus granulosus mediante purga con bromhidrato de arecolina y se obtuvieron resultados positivos en 11%. Los datos oficiales registrados en los mataderos revelaron la presencia de quistes hidatídicos en 13% de los bovinos, 4,4% de los ovinos y 4,2% de los porcinos sacrificados en la región. El programa educativo comprendió una evaluación de conocimientos mediante una encuesta al cabeza de familia, la intervención educativa entre las familias por un proceso participatorio activo no formal de carácter lúdico en el que participaron 1 082 familias, y la intervención educativa entre profesionales y técnicos mediante metodología a distancia y presencial. Para evaluar los resultados del programa se compararon los resultados de las pruebas de conocimientos antes y después de la intervención educativa en 200 familias que participaron en ella (casos) y en 95 que no participaron (controles). Del análisis de los conocimientos sobre equinococosis/hidatidosis, 783 familias (55%) demostraron no saber nada sobre la infección. Se observó que las técnicas participatorias lúdicas se adaptan a la forma de ser del campesino y permiten obtener cambios. Se capacitaron 276 profesionales de la salud, 201 auxiliares técnicos y 453 profesores rurales. Entre los equipos de atención primaria rural, el programa tuvo una cobertura de 100%.

          Translated abstract

          This study was designed to embrace three areas: a) serologic and radiologic diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatidosis in an asymptomatic human population, b) animal diagnosis and the treatment of dogs, and c) evaluation of extent of knowledge and performance of educational interventions among rural families and health, livestock, and education professionals and technicians, in order to help control the disease transmission cycle. Indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests were performed on 5 556 apparently healthy people. Of these, 42 (0.8%) had positive results on both tests, for a seroprevalence of 754.6 per 100 000. These 42 subjects were scheduled for liver ultrasonography and a chest x-ray; of the 26 who complied, 16 showed images compatible with a hydatid cyst. Those 16 cases were sent to the hospital for surgery. In 9 of the cases the diagnosis was confirmed surgically, for a prevalence of 161.7 per 100 000. Arecoline hydrobromide was administered as a laxative to 2 358 dogs to detect the strobilar form of Echinococcus granulosus, and positive results were found in 11% of the dogs. Official data for slaughterhouses indicated the presence of hydatid cysts in 13% of the cattle, 4.4% of the sheep, and 4.2% of the pigs slaughtered in the region. The educational program included an evaluation of the extent of knowledge by surveying heads of household; an educational intervention among families through an informal active participatory process using educational games, in which 1082 families participated; and an educational intervention with professionals and technicians using distance and inperson approaches. To evaluate the program, the results of knowledge tests before and after educational interventions with 200 families (cases) were compared with those from 95 families who did not participate (controls). Of the 1 423 heads of household initially surveyed about their knowledge of echinococcosis/hydatidosis, 783 of them (55%) said they knew nothing about the infection. It was found that the participatory educational games were well adapted to the lifestyle of people from rural areas and made change possible. Training was provided to 276 health professionals, 201 technical assistants, and 453 rural teachers. The program reached 100% of the staff members of the area's rural primary health care services.

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          Guía para el empleo dei Bromhidrato de Arecolina en el Diagnóstico de la Infección por Echinococcus granulosus en el perro

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            Cystic echinococcosis in the Xinjiang/Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. I. Demographic and epidemiologic data.

            Demographic and epidemiologic data on those factors potentially related to the prevalence and transmission of hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus were collected in 1987 from each household in 85 villages in the two communities of Yuanhucun and Ershilidian within Hutubi County in the Xinjiang/Uygur Autonomous Region, PRC, with additional questionnaire data collected from approximately 40 households randomly selected from each of 16 villages within those communities. Yuanhucun and Ershilidian represent a combined area of 522.7 square km, and have 4,853 households with 25,684 inhabitants. Of those households, 69.9% are of the Han ethnic group, 22.1% Hui, 5.3% Uygur, and 2.7% Kazak. The total number of animals censused included 4,169 dogs, 41,369 sheep, 3,673 goats, 2,639 cattle, 5,400 pigs, 1,472 horses, and 59 donkeys. Levels of infection of the causative organism of cystic hydatid disease in various hosts were: dogs harboring Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms - 63 (16.2%) positive of 390 examined in 16 villages; domestic animals with hydatid cysts - 1,593 (88.6%) sheep of 1,797 examined, 69 (56.1%) of 123 goats, and 47 (94.0%) of 50 cattle; and 15 surgeries in inhabitants from 85 villages during the last 16 months prior to completion of the survey (annual case rate of 43.8/100,000). Questionnaire data collected from inhabitants in 16 villages showed that about 82% of the families owned at least one dog and 78% owned sheep. Of those families with sheep, most (84%) killed sheep for meat at least periodically, 76% had seen hydatid cysts in liver or lungs of butchered animals, and 77% routinely gave raw offal to their dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              Detection of antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus arc 5 antigens by double diffusion test.

              This report deals with an evaluation of a double diffusion (DD5) test which employs a control antiserum against Echinococcus granulosus arc 5 antigens to recognize arc 5-positive sera by a reaction of identity. The DD5 test was more sensitive than the immuno-electrophoresis (IEP5) test based on the same positivity criterion and was equally specific for the immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis. Its greater simplicity suggest its application as a substitute for the IEP5 test in diagnosis, particularly areas. The application of both DD5 and latex agglutination tests is recommended for hydatid immunodiagnosis on the basis of the present findings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                January 2000
                : 7
                : 1
                : 8-16
                Affiliations
                [02] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1 Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina Chile
                [04] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1 Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Chile
                [06] Gante orgnameUniversidad de Gante orgdiv1 Laboratorio de Zoofisiología, Facultad Wetenschappen Bélgica
                [03] Santiago orgnameMinisterio de Agricultura orgdiv1 Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero Chile
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1 Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Programa de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina
                [05] Santiago orgnameHospital del Pino orgdiv1 Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Chile
                Article
                S1020-49892000000100002 S1020-4989(00)00700102
                10.1590/s1020-49892000000100002
                908845a2-a324-49c5-8b4b-71db31eca163

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 June 1999
                : 12 October 1998
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
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