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      Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutionary and ecological physiology.

      1 ,
      Annual review of physiology
      Annual Reviews

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          Abstract

          Molecular chaperones, including the heat-shock proteins (Hsps), are a ubiquitous feature of cells in which these proteins cope with stress-induced denaturation of other proteins. Hsps have received the most attention in model organisms undergoing experimental stress in the laboratory, and the function of Hsps at the molecular and cellular level is becoming well understood in this context. A complementary focus is now emerging on the Hsps of both model and nonmodel organisms undergoing stress in nature, on the roles of Hsps in the stress physiology of whole multicellular eukaryotes and the tissues and organs they comprise, and on the ecological and evolutionary correlates of variation in Hsps and the genes that encode them. This focus discloses that (a) expression of Hsps can occur in nature, (b) all species have hsp genes but they vary in the patterns of their expression, (c) Hsp expression can be correlated with resistance to stress, and (d) species' thresholds for Hsp expression are correlated with levels of stress that they naturally undergo. These conclusions are now well established and may require little additional confirmation; many significant questions remain unanswered concerning both the mechanisms of Hsp-mediated stress tolerance at the organismal level and the evolutionary mechanisms that have diversified the hsp genes.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Annu Rev Physiol
          Annual review of physiology
          Annual Reviews
          0066-4278
          0066-4278
          1999
          : 61
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. m-feder@uchicago.edu
          Article
          10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.243
          10099689
          90e97c26-993a-4edb-b82b-ed29a0e4375c
          History

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