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      El peso específico como indicador de calidad física y fisiológica en semilla certificada de arroz

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          Abstract

          La mayor utilización de semilla certificada de arroz (SCA) de óptima calidad mejoraría la competitividad de la cadena de arroz. Los análisis oficiales de germinación y pureza evalúan insuficientemente la calidad integral de la SCA. Esta investigación evaluó el peso específico (PES) y la emergencia en campo (PEC) como indicadores de calidad física y fisiológica de SCA en las variedades Araure 4, Cimarrón, FONAIAP 1 y Palmar. Para determinar la uniformidad de la SCA, las semillas se sumergieron en soluciones de sulfato de amonio (SDA), ajustadas a ocho densidades entre > o = 1,6 y <1 g cc-1. Las evaluaciones entre Variedades, PES, PEC y porcentaje de germinación en laboratorio (PGEL), se realizaron en el laboratorio de semillas y campo de la Facultad de Agronomía-UCV, usando el diseño en bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial para variedades y clases de PES, y separación de medias de tratamientos con rangos múltiples de Duncan. La inmersión en SDA separó ocho clases de PES, confirmando alta desuniformidad de la SCA en las cuatro variedades. La semilla con mayor PES ( > o = 1,6 g cc-1) representó el 90% de la SCA. Su PGEL y PEC superaron estadísticamente al resto de clases de semilla. Las semillas con mayor PES y el testigo SCA tuvieron PEC y PGEL superiores a 80%, lo que avala al PEC como método de apoyo al PGEL para evaluar la calidad fisiológica de la semilla de arroz. Las semillas con PES <=1,6 g cc-1 mostraron inferior calidad física y fisiológica que la SCA.

          Translated abstract

          The production and utilization of high quality certified rice seed (CSR) are important strategies to improve the competitiveness of the Venezuelan rice seed industry. Official germination and purity trials do not completely evaluate overall quality of CRS. This investigation evaluated specific weight of seed (SWS) and percentage of field emergence (PFE) as indicators of physical and physiological quality of CRS of `Araure 4', `Cimarron', `Fonaiap 1' and `Palmar' varieties. In order to determine uniformity, seed samples were immersed in a 96% solution of ammonium sulphate adjusted to six densities ranging from > or = 1.6 to <1 g cc-1 . The associations between varieties, classes of SWS, PFE and percentage of germination in the laboratory (PLG), were evaluated by field and laboratory trials conducted in the facilities of the Agronomy School of the Central University of Venezuela, located at Maracay, Venezuela, using a random blocks (RB) desing and a factorial arrangement for varieties and classes of SWS. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used for assessment of treatments means. Results indicated the separation of eight classes of SWS confirming high heterogeneity of commercial CRS for all varieties. In all tests performed, always the heaviest seed class ( > or = 1.6 g cc-1) represented more than 90% of total bulk of CSR. Also, it was remarkable that results for PLG and PFE of the heaviest SWS class, were consistently superior than those with SWS <=1.6 g cc-1. The quality of seed belonging to SWS class > or = 1.6 g cc-1 showed a highly deteriorated and weedy profile affecting overall quality of CSR. These findings seem to justify the innovation in processing procedures, by adding equipment for densimetric analysis to up grade the current level of physical and physiological quality of the CSR used by Venezuela farmers.

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          Most cited references10

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          International rules for seed testing

          (1996)
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            International rules for seed testing

            (1993)
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              X Curso Taller de Producción Económica de Arroz Bajo Riego

              (2024)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                at
                Agronomía Tropical
                Agronomía Trop.
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA de Venezuela (Maracay )
                0002-192X
                January 2004
                : 54
                : 1
                : 17-30
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas Venezuela
                Article
                S0002-192X2004000100002
                90ecf718-a971-4b42-8104-e4c042053a3c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0002-192X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Rice,Oryza sativa L.,seed,germination,field emergency,specific weight,vigor,semilla,certificación,germinación,emergencia,peso específico

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