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      Estudios bioecológicos de Aedes (St.) aegypti en un área urbana de Camagüey con baja densidad del vector Translated title: Bioecological studies of Aedes (St.) aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCION: el control de los sitios de cría de mosquitos de relevancia médica es esencial en los programas de lucha antivectorial, sin embargo, los esfuerzos ejecutados hasta la actualidad no han sido suficientes por el aumento paulatino de casos confirmados de fiebre de dengue. OBJETIVO: informar sobre los principales sitios de cría de Aedes aegypti, en un ambiente urbano de Camagüey con baja densidad del vector. MÉTODOS: el universo urbano se inspeccionó en su totalidad entre enero y diciembre de 2007. En los depósitos positivos la colecta fue según metodología del Programa Nacional de Control de Vectores. Cada depósito fue caracterizado mediante una planilla de investigación de manzana positiva implementada al efecto. Se determinó el porcentaje de representatividad de cada depósito positivo, así como la proporción de larvas por cada depósito. RESULTADOS: Aedes aegypti colonizó 44 depósitos diferentes con destaque para artificiales (97,73 %). La mayoría fueron permanentes, útiles y no modificables. Siguiendo el criterio de la población la combinación permanentes + útiles se cumple en 17 tipos de depósitos que representan 38,63 %, y aportan un total de 180 recipientes positivos para 81,08 %. Los tanques bajos contribuyeron a 36,03 % de la positividad. CONCLUSIONES: la elevada positividad en depósitos que pudieron ser evitados por la población obliga a elevar la responsabilidad individual en el mejoramiento del saneamiento doméstico y, con ello, la concientización cívica para alcanzar una activa participación comunitaria en este sentido. Esto junto al fortalecimiento de la transectorialidad, permitirá impactar en la eliminación y disposición final de todo material inservible y que pueda servir de criadero a los mosquitos.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: the control of the breeding sites of mosquitoes of medical importance is essential for the anti-vector fighting programs; however, the efforts made so far have not great enough since the confirmed dengue fever cases gradually increase. OBJECTIVE: to provide information on the main breeding sites of Aedes aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province. METHODS: the urban universe was fully surveyed from January to December 2007. The collection procedure in the positive containers followed the National Vector Control program methodology. The characteristics of each container were written in a customized study form of positive blocks. The representative percentage of each positive container, as well as the proportion of larvae per container were determined. RESULTS: Aedes aegypti formed colonies in 44 different containers, being the artificial reservoirs the predominant ones (97.73%). The majority were permanent, useful and unchangeable. Following the population's criteria, the combination of permanent plus useful is valid in 17 types of containers accounting for 38.36% and contributing 180 positive containers for 81.08% of the total number. The tanks placed on the ground reached 36.03% positivity. CONCLUSIONS: the high number of mosquito-positive tanks demands greater individual responsibility in improving domestic sanitation and thus, the increase of awareness in order to achieve more active community involvement in this regard. The latter together with the strengthening of transectoriality will allow having an impact on the elimination and final disposal of all the useless materials that may serve as possible breeding sites of mosquitoes.

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          Most cited references27

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          Dengue y dengue hemorrágico en las Américas: guías para su prevención y control

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            Climatic factors associated with epidemic dengue in Palembang, Indonesia: implications of short-term meteorological events on virus transmission.

            An extensive outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorhagic fever occurred in the city of Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia from late 1997 through March/April 1998. All surveyed administrative areas (kelurahan) in Palembang were found to be 'permissive' for dengue virus transmission; and all areas that had Aedes (subgenus Stegomyia) larval mosquitoes in abundance experienced increased cases of DHF during the epidemic. The Aedes House Index (HI) for combined Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus was recorded every 3 months before, during, and after the epidemic. Ten surveyed sentinel sites (October-December 1997) immediately preceding the epidemic peak had a combined HI of 25% (range 10-50.8%). Entomological surveys during the peak epidemic period (January-April) showed a combined HI of 23.7% (range: 7.6-43.8%). Kelurahans with the highest numbers of reported dengue cases had an HI exceeding 25%; however, there was no discernable relationship between elevated HI and increased risk of DHF incidence. Despite the unusual climatic conditions during late 1997 created throughout the region by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the house indices during both wet and dry months remained above 23% for the 4 quarterly (3-month) periods surveyed in the second half of 1997 and first half of 1998. Rainfall returned to near normal monthly levels shortly before the reported increase in human cases. However, mean ambient air temperatures continued above normal (+0.6 to 1.2 degrees C) and were sustained over the months leading up to and during the epidemic. Evidence suggests that an ENSO-driven increase in ambient temperature had a marked influence on increased virus transmission by the vector population. We explore the apparent associations of entomological and climatic effects that precipitated the epidemic before the influx of reported human cases.
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              Reporte de hábitats utilizados por Aedes aegypti en Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba

              Se reportaron 50 hábitat utilizados por Aedes aegypti en el ambiente urbano de Ciudad de La Habana, correspondiendo 66 % a depósitos artificiales, de los cuales 57,5 % fue clasificado como no útil por la población; los recipientes de uso doméstico constituyeron 14 %, mientras que los criaderos naturales aportaron 8 %. Como un resultado interesante 12 % de los hábitat está representado por fosas, alcantarillas y drenajes que contienen las llamadas aguas negras; factor que debe considerarse en la epidemiología del dengue en Cuba y merece un estudio de los factores ecológicos asociados a la especie que pudieran estar influyendo en este comportamiento; además se estimula a alcanzar niveles adecuados de participación comunitaria como una herramienta en el control de este peligroso vector.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3054
                April 2011
                : 63
                : 1
                : 64-69
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Departamento de Control de Vectores Cuba
                [2 ] Policlínico Universitario Ignacio Agramonte Cuba
                [3 ] Fundación Canaria Rafael Clavijo Spain
                Article
                S0375-07602011000100010
                912987c5-2efc-414c-b7f4-decd3d63fe1a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0375-0760&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Aedes aegypti,Stegomyia aegypti,vector ecology,vector control,reservoirs,dengue,prevention and control,entomological surveillance,ecología de vectores,control de vectores,reservorios,prevención y control,vigilancia entomológica

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