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      Elevated CO 2-induced changes in mesophyll conductance and anatomical traits in wild type and carbohydrate-metabolism mutants of Arabidopsis

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          Abstract

          Decreases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance ( g s), and mesophyll conductance ( g m) are often observed under elevated CO 2 conditions. However, which anatomical and/or physiological factors contribute to the decrease in g m is not fully understood. Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and carbon-metabolism mutants ( gwd1, pgm1, and cfbp1) with different accumulation patterns of non-structural carbohydrates were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO 2. Anatomical and physiological traits of leaves were measured to investigate factors causing the changes in g m and in the mesophyll resistance (expressed as the reciprocal of mesophyll conductance per unit chloroplast surface area facing to intercellular space, S c/ g m). When grown at elevated CO 2, all the lines showed increases in cell wall mass, cell wall thickness, and starch content, but not in leaf thickness. g m measured at 800 ppm CO 2 was significantly lower than at 400 ppm CO 2 in all the lines. Changes in S c/ g m were associated with thicker cell walls rather than with excess starch content. The results indicate that the changes in g m and S c/ g m that occur in response to elevated CO 2 are independent of non-structural carbohydrates, and the cell wall represents a greater limitation factor for g m than starch.

          Abstract

          Changes in mesophyll conductance of Arabidopsis wild-type and carbohydrate-metabolism mutants grown at elevated CO 2 are explained by changes in cell wall mass and thickness rather than by non-structural carbohydrates.

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          Most cited references56

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          NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.

          For the past 25 years NIH Image and ImageJ software have been pioneers as open tools for the analysis of scientific images. We discuss the origins, challenges and solutions of these two programs, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.
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            Theoretical Considerations when Estimating the Mesophyll Conductance to CO(2) Flux by Analysis of the Response of Photosynthesis to CO(2).

            The conductance for CO(2) diffusion in the mesophyll of leaves can limit photosynthesis. We have studied two methods for determining the mesophyll conductance to CO(2) diffusion in leaves. We generated an ideal set of photosynthesis rates over a range of partial pressures of CO(2) in the stroma and studied the effect of altering the mesophyll diffusion conductance on the measured response of photosynthesis to intercellular CO(2) partial pressure. We used the ideal data set to test the sensitivity of the two methods to small errors in the parameters used to determine mesophyll conductance. The two methods were also used to determine mesophyll conductance of several leaves using measured rather than ideal data sets. It is concluded that both methods can be used to determine mesophyll conductance and each method has particular strengths. We believe both methods will prove useful in the future.
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              Leaf functional anatomy in relation to photosynthesis.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Exp Bot
                J. Exp. Bot
                exbotj
                Journal of Experimental Botany
                Oxford University Press (UK )
                0022-0957
                1460-2431
                15 September 2019
                06 May 2019
                06 May 2019
                : 70
                : 18
                : 4807-4818
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Aix Marseille Université , Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
                [2 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
                [3 ] Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
                [4 ] Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
                [5 ] Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka, Japan
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-3043
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-9171
                Article
                erz208
                10.1093/jxb/erz208
                6760322
                31056658
                912b8331-0976-47d6-b1d7-bc022d1ed54d
                © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                : 30 December 2018
                : 25 April 2019
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellows
                Award ID: 25·10531
                Award ID: 14J07443
                Funded by: CREST 10.13039/501100003382
                Categories
                Research Papers
                Photosynthesis and Metabolism

                Plant science & Botany
                arabidopsis thaliana,cell wall thickness,elevated co2,mesophyll conductance,mesophyll resistance,non-structural carbohydrates,rubisco

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