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      The moderation of maternal parenting on the association of trauma, dissociation, and psychosis in depressive inpatients Translated title: El efecto moderador del maltrato materno sobre las asociaciones entre trauma, disociación y síntomas psicóticos entre pacientes hospitalizados con trastorno depresivo Translated title: 母亲虐待对创伤, 解离和精神病症状之间关联的调节作用

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          ABSTRACT

          Background

          The effect of dissociation and parenting style on the relationship between psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms has not previously been investigated.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to develop a moderated mediation model to assess whether the association between psychological trauma and psychotic symptoms is mediated by dissociation and moderated by parental maltreatment.

          Methods

          Inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BP) were recruited. Self-reported and clinical rating scales were used to measure the level of dissociation, psychotic symptoms, history of psychological trauma and parental maltreatment. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to estimate path coefficients and adequacy of the moderated mediation model. High betrayal trauma (HBT), low betrayal trauma (LBT), paternal maltreatment, and maternal maltreatment were alternatively entered into the conceptual model to test the adequacy.

          Results

          A total of 91 patients (59 with MDD and 32 with BP) were recruited, with a mean age of 40.59 ± 7.5 years. After testing with different variables, the moderated mediation model showed that the association between LBT and psychotic symptoms was mediated by dissociation and moderated by maternal maltreatment. A higher level of maternal maltreatment enhanced the effect of LBT on dissociation.

          Conclusions

          Healthcare workers should be aware of the risk of developing psychotic symptoms among depressive patients with a history of LBT and maternal maltreatment.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • We explored associations between trauma, dissociation, and psychotic symptoms.

          • Low betrayal trauma (LBT) fit the conceptual model.

          • Dissociation mediated the association between LBT and psychotic symptoms.

          • Maternal maltreatment exacerbated the effect of LBT on dissociation.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: El efecto de disociación y el estilo parental en la relación entre el trauma psicológico y los síntomas psicóticos no se han investigado previamente.

          Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un modelo de mediación moderada para evaluar si la asociación entre trauma psicológico y síntomas psicóticos es mediada por la disociación y moderada por el maltrato de los padres.

          Métodos: Fueron reclutados pacientes hospitalizados con trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y depresión bipolar (DB). Se utilizaron escalas clínicas y de auto-reporte para medir el nivel de disociación, síntomas psicóticos, antecedentes de trauma psicológico y maltrato de los padres. La macro PROCESS en SPSS se utilizó para estimar los coeficientes de ruta y adecuación del modelo de mediación moderada. Alto exposición al trauma de traición (HET), baja exposición al trauma de traición (BET), maltrato paterno y maltrato materno fueron alternativamente ingresados en el modelo conceptual para probar la adecuación.

          Resultados: Se reclutaron un total de 91 pacientes (59 con TDM y 32 con DB), con una edad media de 40,59 ± 7,5 años. Después de probar con diferentes variables, el modelo moderado de mediación mostró que la asociación entre BET y síntomas psicóticos estuvo mediada por la disociación y moderada por el maltrato materno. Un nivel superior del maltrato materno aumentó el efecto de BET sobre la disociación.

          Conclusiones: Los trabajadores del área de la salud deben ser conscientes del riesgo del desarrollo de síntomas psicóticos entre los pacientes depresivos con antecedentes de BET y maltrato materno.

          Translated abstract

          背景:解离和养育方式对心理创伤和精神病症状之间关系的影响以前没有被研究过。

          目的:本研究旨在开发一个调节中介模型, 以评估心理创伤和精神病症状之间的关联是否由解离中介并由父母虐待调节。

          方法:招募患有重度抑郁障碍 (MDD) 和双相抑郁 (BP) 的住院患者。使用自我报告和临床评估量表来衡量解离程度, 精神病症状, 心理创伤史和父母虐待。 使用SPSS 中的 PROCESS 宏估计路径系数和适度中介模型的充分性。将高背叛创伤 (HBT), 低背叛创伤 (LBT), 父亲虐待和母亲虐待交替输入概念模型以检验其充分性。

          结果:共招募了 91 名患者 (59 名 MDD 和 32 名 BP), 平均年龄为 40.59 ± 7.5 岁。在对不同变量进行检验后, 有调节的中介模型表明 LBT 与精神病症状之间的关联是由解离介导的, 并由母体虐待调节。较高水平的母体虐待增强了 LBT 对解离的影响。

          结论:医护人员应该意识到有 LBT 和母亲虐待史的抑郁患者出现精神病症状的风险。

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          Most cited references52

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          The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia

          The variable results of positive-negative research with schizophrenics underscore the importance of well-characterized, standardized measurement techniques. We report on the development and initial standardization of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for typological and dimensional assessment. Based on two established psychiatric rating systems, the 30-item PANSS was conceived as an operationalized, drug-sensitive instrument that provides balanced representation of positive and negative symptoms and gauges their relationship to one another and to global psychopathology. It thus constitutes four scales measuring positive and negative syndromes, their differential, and general severity of illness. Study of 101 schizophrenics found the four scales to be normally distributed and supported their reliability and stability. Positive and negative scores were inversely correlated once their common association with general psychopathology was extracted, suggesting that they represent mutually exclusive constructs. Review of five studies involving the PANSS provided evidence of its criterion-related validity with antecedent, genealogical, and concurrent measures, its predictive validity, its drug sensitivity, and its utility for both typological and dimensional assessment.
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            An Index and Test of Linear Moderated Mediation.

            I describe a test of linear moderated mediation in path analysis based on an interval estimate of the parameter of a function linking the indirect effect to values of a moderator-a parameter that I call the index of moderated mediation. This test can be used for models that integrate moderation and mediation in which the relationship between the indirect effect and the moderator is estimated as linear, including many of the models described by Edwards and Lambert ( 2007 ) and Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes ( 2007 ) as well as extensions of these models to processes involving multiple mediators operating in parallel or in serial. Generalization of the method to latent variable models is straightforward. Three empirical examples describe the computation of the index and the test, and its implementation is illustrated using Mplus and the PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS.
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              Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications.

              To review the research addressing the relationship of childhood trauma to psychosis and schizophrenia, and to discuss the theoretical and clinical implications. Relevant studies and previous review papers were identified via computer literature searches. Symptoms considered indicative of psychosis and schizophrenia, particularly hallucinations, are at least as strongly related to childhood abuse and neglect as many other mental health problems. Recent large-scale general population studies indicate the relationship is a causal one, with a dose-effect. Several psychological and biological mechanisms by which childhood trauma increases risk for psychosis merit attention. Integration of these different levels of analysis may stimulate a more genuinely integrated bio-psycho-social model of psychosis than currently prevails. Clinical implications include the need for staff training in asking about abuse and the need to offer appropriate psychosocial treatments to patients who have been abused or neglected as children. Prevention issues are also identified.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8198
                2000-8066
                10 February 2022
                2022
                10 February 2022
                : 13
                : 1
                : 2024974
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital; , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
                [b ]Department of Nursing, Meiho University; , Pingtung, Taiwan
                [c ]Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital; , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
                [d ]Department of Psychology, Clinical and Health Psychology Centre, and Centre for Cognition and Brain Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong; , Hong Kong
                [e ]Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
                [f ]Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital; , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
                Author notes
                CONTACT Li-Shiu Chou lishiu.chou@ 123456msa.hinet.net Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital; , No. 130, Kaisyuan 2nd Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 802211, Taiwan
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-045X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-8531
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-0914
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-387X
                Article
                2024974
                10.1080/20008198.2021.2024974
                8843245
                918318fa-0669-478a-a9f2-414471c4f407
                © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, References: 53, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Research Article
                Clinical Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                depression,low betrayal trauma,dissociation,psychotic symptoms,maternal maltreatment,depresión,baja exposición al trauma de traición,disociación,síntomas psicóticos,maltrato materno,抑郁,低背叛创伤,解离,精神病症状,母亲虐待

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