17
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Discovery of 5-Phenoxy-2-aminopyridine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Irreversible Inhibitors of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          As a member of the tyrosine protein kinase Tec (TEC) family, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is considered a promising therapeutic target due to its crucial roles in the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Although many types of BTK inhibitors have been reported, there is an unmet need to achieve selective BTK inhibitors to reduce side effects. To obtain BTK selectivity and efficacy, we designed a novel series of type II BTK inhibitors which can occupy the allosteric pocket induced by the DFG-out conformation and introduced an electrophilic warhead for targeting Cys481. In this article, we have described the structure–activity relationships (SARs) leading to a novel series of potent and selective piperazine and tetrahydroisoquinoline linked 5-phenoxy-2-aminopyridine irreversible inhibitors of BTK. Compound 18g showed good potency and selectivity, and its biological activity was evaluated in hematological tumor cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of 18g was also tested in a Raji xenograft mouse model, and it significantly reduced tumor size, with 46.8% inhibition compared with vehicle. Therefore, we have presented the novel, potent, and selective irreversible inhibitor 18g as a type II BTK inhibitor.

          Related collections

          Most cited references18

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Rational design of inhibitors that bind to inactive kinase conformations.

          The majority of kinase inhibitors that have been developed so far--known as type I inhibitors--target the ATP binding site of the kinase in its active conformation, in which the activation loop is phosphorylated. Recently, crystal structures of inhibitors such as imatinib (STI571), BIRB796 and sorafenib (BAY43-9006)--known as type II inhibitors--have revealed a new binding mode that exploits an additional binding site immediately adjacent to the region occupied by ATP. This pocket is made accessible by an activation-loop rearrangement that is characteristic of kinases in an inactive conformation. Here, we present a structural analysis of binding modes of known human type II inhibitors and demonstrate that they conform to a pharmacophore model that is currently being used to design a new generation of kinase inhibitors.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk): function, regulation, and transformation with special emphasis on the PH domain.

              Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase important in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation, and signaling. Btk is a member of the Tec family of kinases. Mutations in the Btk gene lead to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Activation of Btk triggers a cascade of signaling events that culminates in the generation of calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In B cells, NF-kappaB was shown to bind to the Btk promoter and induce transcription, whereas the B-cell receptor-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway requires functional Btk. Moreover, Btk activation is tightly regulated by a plethora of other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP5, and caveolin-1. For example, the prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates Btk by decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation and steady state levels of Btk. It is intriguing that PKC and Pin1, both of which are negative regulators, bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk. To this end, we describe here novel mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain investigated for their transforming capacity. In particular, we show that the mutant D43R behaves similar to E41K, already known to possess such activity.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Mol Sci
                Int J Mol Sci
                ijms
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                MDPI
                1422-0067
                28 October 2020
                November 2020
                : 21
                : 21
                : 8006
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; eunlee178@ 123456gmail.com (E.L.); hy-0802@ 123456sookmyung.ac.kr (H.C.); josephin914@ 123456sookmyung.ac.kr (D.K.L.); cu1006@ 123456sookmyung.ac.kr (J.H.); jjh4415@ 123456naver.com (J.H.J.); ryuha@ 123456sookmyung.ac.kr (J.-H.R.)
                [2 ]Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; byung127@ 123456kribb.re.kr (B.J.C.); kanjon@ 123456kribb.re.kr (J.S.K.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: rjeon@ 123456sookmyung.ac.kr ; Tel.: +82-2-710-9571
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-2297
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-4339
                Article
                ijms-21-08006
                10.3390/ijms21218006
                7663149
                33126415
                91945002-af2d-47b2-a15a-0b519325aeed
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 11 August 2020
                : 27 October 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Molecular biology
                bruton’s tyrosine kinase,irreversible kinase inhibitor,hematological malignancy

                Comments

                Comment on this article