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      Desinfeção do cordão umbilical: revisão baseada na evidência Translated title: Umbilical cord disinfection: an evidence-based review

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: A laqueação e secção do cordão umbilical são procedimentos universais ao nascimento, marcando o início do processo de cicatrização do coto remanescente. Os cuidados ao coto umbilical, com vista à redução do risco infeccioso e morbimortalidade associada, variam com a tradição do país e a prática das diferentes unidades de saúde, persistindo controvérsia acerca dos melhores cuidados a instituir. O objetivo desta revisão é determinar, à luz da evidência atual, se a desinfeção do cordão umbilical contribui para uma redução da morbilidade perinatal dos recém-nascidos com parto em contexto hospitalar nos países desenvolvidos. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, NICE Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines Infobase, The Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, sítios de medicina baseada na evidência e referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados. Métodos de revisão: Foi feita uma pesquisa de normas de orientação clínica, meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos aleatorizados. Foram utilizados os termos MeSH Chlorhexidine , Disinfectants e Umbilical cord e pesquisados artigos publicados desde agosto 2005 até agosto 2015, em inglês, castelhano e português. Para avaliação dos níveis de evidência e atribuição das forças de recomendação foi usada a escala Strength of recommendation taxonomy, da American Family Physicians. Resultados: Da pesquisa efetuada foram encontrados 315 artigos, dos quais três cumpriam os critérios de inclusão: uma meta-análise, que revelou não haver diferenças significativas na incidência de onfalite com a aplicação de antisséptico comparando com placebo; e duas normas de orientação clínica, que referiam que a aplicação de antimicrobianos não é superior à lavagem e secagem do cordão umbilical para a prevenção de infeções e colonização bacteriana do cordão. Conclusões: A evidência disponível não é suficiente para a recomendação de uso de antissépticos no cordão umbilical em contexto hospitalar nos países desenvolvidos (força de recomendação A). Neste contexto aconselha-se, portanto, apenas a lavagem e secagem do cordão. Contudo, existe ainda a necessidade de mais estudos de elevada qualidade (nomeadamente ensaios controlados e aleatorizados), de metodologia homogénea e amostras relevantes que suportem esta evidência.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: Umbilical cord care differs across cultures. Aseptic technique is generally accepted, although there is much debate on the best treatment. Keeping the umbilical cord stump clean and dry is often neglected. The aim of this study is to determine if umbilical cord disinfection reduces perinatal morbidity of newborns delivered in the hospital setting in developed countries. Data sources: MEDLINE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, NICE Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines Infobase, The Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, evidence-based medicine websites and bibliographic references of the selected articles were searched. Revision methods: A study of clinical guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials was carried out. The MeSH terms used were Chlorhexidine , Disinfectants and Umbilical cord for studies published between August 2005 and August 2015 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. To evaluate the levels of evidence and strength of recommendations, the Strength of recommendation taxonomy scale of American Academy of Family Physicians was used. Results: The search produced 315 results. Of these, three publications were included. One meta-analysis showed no significant difference in omphalitis with application of antiseptic versus placebo. Two clinical guidelines stated that application of antimicrobials was not superior to dry cord care in preventing cord infection and bacterial colonization. Conclusions: The analysis of the articles selected showed that there is insufficient evidence to advise the use of antiseptics in the care of the umbilical cord of infants born in hospital in developed countries (strength of recommendation A). Dry cord care is recommended. More high quality studies are needed including randomized controlled trials in relevant populations.

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          Most cited references18

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          Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature.

          A large number of taxonomies are used to rate the quality of an individual study and the strength of a recommendation based on a body of evidence. We have developed a new grading scale that will be used by several family medicine and primary care journals (required or optional), with the goal of allowing readers to learn one taxonomy that will apply to many sources of evidence. Our scale is called the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. It addresses the quality, quantity, and consistency of evidence and allows authors to rate individual studies or bodies of evidence. The taxonomy is built around the information mastery framework, which emphasizes the use of patient-oriented outcomes that measure changes in morbidity or mortality. An A-level recommendation is based on consistent and good-quality patient-oriented evidence; a B-level recommendation is based on inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence; and a C-level recommendation is based on consensus, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence, or case series for studies of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or screening. Levels of evidence from 1 to 3 for individual studies also are defined. We hope that consistent use of this taxonomy will improve the ability of authors and readers to communicate about the translation of research into practice.
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            Umbilical cord antiseptics for preventing sepsis and death among newborns.

            The umbilical cord is a structure made of blood vessels and connective tissue that connects the baby and placenta in utero. The umbilical cord is cut after birth, which separates the mother and her baby both physically and symbolically. Omphalitis is defined as infection of the umbilical cord stump. Tracking of bacteria along the umbilical vessels may lead to septicaemia that can result in neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries.
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              Chlorhexidine skin or cord care for prevention of mortality and infections in neonates.

              Affordable, feasible and efficacious interventions to reduce neonatal infections and improve neonatal survival are needed. Chlorhexidine, a broad spectrum topical antiseptic agent, is active against aerobic and anaerobic organisms and reduces neonatal bacterial colonisation and may reduce infection.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpmgf
                Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar
                Rev Port Med Geral Fam
                Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                2182-5173
                February 2017
                : 33
                : 1
                : 41-47
                Affiliations
                [02] Matosinhos orgnameUnidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, EPE orgdiv1USF Leça
                [03] Matosinhos orgnameUnidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, EPE orgdiv1USF Infesta
                [01] Matosinhos orgnameUnidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, EPE orgdiv1USF Caravela
                Article
                S2182-51732017000100005
                91d70fa4-6f2f-48dc-a908-be1239be05eb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2016
                : 02 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Portugal


                Chlorhexidine,Disinfectants,Umbilical cord,Clorexidina,Desinfetantes,Cordão Umbilical

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