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      Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture

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          Highlights

          • Precision farming is measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops to form a decision support system.

          • About 40–70% of N, 80–90% of P and 50–70% of K of the applied fertilizers is lost to the environment causing pollution.

          • Nanofertilizers helps in slow and sustained release of agrochemicals resulting in precise dosage to the plants.

          • Green synthesized Ag, ZnO and TiO 2 NPs are extensively used for plant protection and treatment of diseases.

          • Biosensors helps in detecting pesticides in the vegetable crops and form a decision support system for crop commodities.

          Abstract

          Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary research field. In recent past efforts have been made to improve agricultural yield through exhaustive research in nanotechnology. The green revolution resulted in blind usage of pesticides and chemical fertilizers which caused loss of soil biodiversity and developed resistance against pathogens and pests as well. Nanoparticle-mediated material delivery to plants and advanced biosensors for precision farming are possible only by nanoparticles or nanochips. Nanoencapsulated conventional fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides helps in slow and sustained release of nutrients and agrochemicals resulting in precise dosage to the plants. Nanotechnology based plant viral disease detection kits are also becoming popular and are useful in speedy and early detection of viral diseases. In this article, the potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology in precision agriculture are discussed. The modern nanotechnology based tools and techniques have the potential to address the various problems of conventional agriculture and can revolutionize this sector.

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          Most cited references170

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          Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

          In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatment, resulting in cell death. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with a {111} lattice plane as the basal plane displayed the strongest biocidal action, compared with spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles and with Ag(+) (in the form of AgNO(3)). It is proposed that nanoscale size and the presence of a {111} plane combine to promote this biocidal property. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
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            A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications

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              The potential and challenges of nanopore sequencing.

              A nanopore-based device provides single-molecule detection and analytical capabilities that are achieved by electrophoretically driving molecules in solution through a nano-scale pore. The nanopore provides a highly confined space within which single nucleic acid polymers can be analyzed at high throughput by one of a variety of means, and the perfect processivity that can be enforced in a narrow pore ensures that the native order of the nucleobases in a polynucleotide is reflected in the sequence of signals that is detected. Kilobase length polymers (single-stranded genomic DNA or RNA) or small molecules (e.g., nucleosides) can be identified and characterized without amplification or labeling, a unique analytical capability that makes inexpensive, rapid DNA sequencing a possibility. Further research and development to overcome current challenges to nanopore identification of each successive nucleotide in a DNA strand offers the prospect of 'third generation' instruments that will sequence a diploid mammalian genome for approximately $1,000 in approximately 24 h.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biotechnol Rep (Amst)
                Biotechnol Rep (Amst)
                Biotechnology Reports
                Elsevier
                2215-017X
                24 May 2017
                September 2017
                24 May 2017
                : 15
                : 11-23
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055, Haryana, India.
                [b ]Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal-131039, Sonipat, Haryana, India.
                [c ]Department of Botany, Ch. Mani Ram Godara Govt. College for Women, Bhodia Khera, Fatehabad-125050, Haryana, India.
                Author notes
                Article
                S2215-017X(16)30140-0
                10.1016/j.btre.2017.03.002
                5454086
                28603692
                91e1b312-d652-4492-a49f-6804bd0c4e60
                © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 22 December 2016
                : 15 March 2017
                : 16 March 2017
                Categories
                Review

                sustained release,fertilizers,nanoparticles,nutrients,biosensors

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