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      A randomized pilot study comparing zero-calorie alternate-day fasting to daily caloric restriction in adults with obesity : Alternate-Day Fasting Versus Caloric Restriction

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          Abstract

          To evaluate the safety and tolerability of alternate-day fasting (ADF) and to compare changes in weight, body composition, lipids, and insulin sensitivity index (Si) with those produced by a standard weight loss diet, moderate daily caloric restriction (CR).

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          The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

          L Radloff (1977)
          Article 0 comments Cited 4283 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.

            William T. Friedewald, Robert Levy, Donald Fredrickson (1972)
            Article 0 comments Cited 1817 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight.

              Rudolph L. Leibel, Michael Rosenbaum, Jules Hirsch (1995)
              No current treatment for obesity reliably sustains weight loss, perhaps because compensatory metabolic processes resist the maintenance of the altered body weight. We examined the effects of experimental perturbations of body weight on energy expenditure to determine whether they lead to metabolic changes and whether obese subjects and those who have never been obese respond similarly. We repeatedly measured 24-hour total energy expenditure, resting and nonresting energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of feeding in 18 obese subjects and 23 subjects who had never been obese. The subjects were studied at their usual body weight and after losing 10 to 20 percent of their body weight by underfeeding or gaining 10 percent by overfeeding. Maintenance of a body weight at a level 10 percent or more below the initial weight was associated with a mean (+/- SD) reduction in total energy expenditure of 6 +/- 3 kcal per kilogram of fat-free mass per day in the subjects who had never been obese (P < 0.001) and 8 +/- 5 kcal per kilogram per day in the obese subjects (P < 0.001). Resting energy expenditure and nonresting energy expenditure each decreased 3 to 4 kcal per kilogram of fat-free mass per day in both groups of subjects. Maintenance of body weight at a level 10 percent above the usual weight was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure of 9 +/- 7 kcal per kilogram of fat-free mass per day in the subjects who had never been obese (P < 0.001) and 8 +/- 4 kcal per kilogram per day in the obese subjects (P < 0.001). The thermic effect of feeding and nonresting energy expenditure increased by approximately 1 to 2 and 8 to 9 kcal per kilogram of fat-free mass per day, respectively, after weight gain. These changes in energy expenditure were not related to the degree of adiposity or the sex of the subjects. Maintenance of a reduced or elevated body weight is associated with compensatory changes in energy expenditure, which oppose the maintenance of a body weight that is different from the usual weight. These compensatory changes may account for the poor long-term efficacy of treatments for obesity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Obesity
                Abbreviated Title: Obesity
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN: 19307381
                Publication date Created: September 2016
                Publication date (Print): September 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): August 29 2016
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 1874-1883
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                [2 ]Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                [3 ]Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                [4 ]Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                [5 ]Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                [6 ]Kaiser Permanente; Denver Colorado USA
                [7 ]Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; Baltimore Maryland USA
                [8 ]Department of Neuroscience; the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
                [9 ]Laboratory of Clinical Investigation; National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; Baltimore Maryland USA
                [10 ]Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/oby.21581
                PMC ID: 5042570
                PubMed ID: 27569118
                SO-VID: 92039c94-c8b9-4614-9626-acefed6a3ded
                Copyright © © 2016
                License:

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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