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      MicroRNA-222 regulates muscle alternative splicing through Rbm24 during differentiation of skeletal muscle cells

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          Abstract

          A number of microRNAs have been shown to regulate skeletal muscle development and differentiation. MicroRNA-222 is downregulated during myogenic differentiation and its overexpression leads to alteration of muscle differentiation process and specialized structures. By using RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pulldown followed by RNA sequencing, combined with in silico microRNA target prediction, we have identified two new targets of microRNA-222 involved in the regulation of myogenic differentiation, Ahnak and Rbm24. Specifically, the RNA-binding protein Rbm24 is a major regulator of muscle-specific alternative splicing and its downregulation by microRNA-222 results in defective exon inclusion impairing the production of muscle-specific isoforms of Coro6, Fxr1 and NACA transcripts. Reconstitution of normal levels of Rbm24 in cells overexpressing microRNA-222 rescues muscle-specific splicing. In conclusion, we have identified a new function of microRNA-222 leading to alteration of myogenic differentiation at the level of alternative splicing, and we provide evidence that this effect is mediated by Rbm24 protein.

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          Most cited references33

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          Gene silencing by microRNAs: contributions of translational repression and mRNA decay.

          Despite their widespread roles as regulators of gene expression, important questions remain about target regulation by microRNAs. Animal microRNAs were originally thought to repress target translation, with little or no influence on mRNA abundance, whereas the reverse was thought to be true in plants. Now, however, it is clear that microRNAs can induce mRNA degradation in animals and, conversely, translational repression in plants. Recent studies have made important advances in elucidating the relative contributions of these two different modes of target regulation by microRNAs. They have also shed light on the specific mechanisms of target silencing, which, although it differs fundamentally between plants and animals, shares some common features between the two kingdoms.
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            Comprehensive modeling of microRNA targets predicts functional non-conserved and non-canonical sites

            mirSVR is a new machine learning method for ranking microRNA target sites by a down-regulation score. The algorithm trains a regression model on sequence and contextual features extracted from miRanda-predicted target sites. In a large-scale evaluation, miRanda-mirSVR is competitive with other target prediction methods in identifying target genes and predicting the extent of their downregulation at the mRNA or protein levels. Importantly, the method identifies a significant number of experimentally determined non-canonical and non-conserved sites.
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              In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector.

              A retroviral vector system based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was developed that, in contrast to a murine leukemia virus-based counterpart, transduced heterologous sequences into HeLa cells and rat fibroblasts blocked in the cell cycle, as well as into human primary macrophages. Additionally, the HIV vector could mediate stable in vivo gene transfer into terminally differentiated neurons. The ability of HIV-based viral vectors to deliver genes in vivo into nondividing cells could increase the applicability of retroviral vectors in human gene therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cell Death Dis
                Cell Death Dis
                Cell Death & Disease
                Nature Publishing Group
                2041-4889
                February 2016
                04 February 2016
                1 February 2016
                : 7
                : 2
                : e2086
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council , Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
                [2 ]DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
                [3 ]Center For Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
                [4 ]Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS , San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS , Via Morandi 30, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy. Tel: +39 02 52774533; Fax: +39 02 52774666; E-mail: Fabio.Martelli@ 123456grupposandonato.it
                [* ]Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council , Via Ramarini 32, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome 00015, Italy. Tel: +39 06 90091323; Fax: +39 06 90091259; E-mail: germana.falcone@ 123456cnr.it
                [5]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-3700
                Article
                cddis201610
                10.1038/cddis.2016.10
                4849150
                26844700
                922c00ff-b8ef-423b-a6fb-0dab4066e9a0
                Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

                Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 22 October 2015
                : 15 December 2015
                : 03 January 2016
                Categories
                Original Article

                Cell biology
                Cell biology

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