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      Traumatic Pulmonary Pseudocysts in a Young Dog Following Non-penetrating Blunt Thoracic Trauma

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          Abstract

          Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts following non-penetrating blunt thoracic trauma is a well-described phenomenon in the human literature, while in veterinary medicine, this disease process is rarely reported and poorly described in the current literature available. This case report describes a 1.5-year-old male castrated Labrador retriever with findings of pulmonary cysts following a road traffic accident. The goal of this report is to expound upon the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease process in the veterinary field.

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          Most cited references24

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          Severe blunt trauma in dogs: 235 cases (1997-2003).

          To evaluate population characteristics, injuries, emergency diagnostic testing, and outcome of dogs with blunt trauma requiring intensive care in an urban hospital.
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            CT imaging of blunt chest trauma

            Background Thoracic injury overall is the third most common cause of trauma following injury to the head and extremities. Thoracic trauma has a high morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 25% of trauma-related deaths, second only to head trauma. More than 70% of cases of blunt thoracic trauma are due to motor vehicle collisions, with the remainder caused by falls or blows from blunt objects. Methods The mechanisms of injury, spectrum of abnormalities and radiological findings encountered in blunt thoracic trauma are categorised into injuries of the pleural space (pneumothorax, hemothorax), the lungs (pulmonary contusion, laceration and herniation), the airways (tracheobronchial lacerations, Macklin effect), the oesophagus, the heart, the aorta, the diaphragm and the chest wall (rib, scapular, sternal fractures and sternoclavicular dislocations). The possible coexistence of multiple types of injury in a single patient is stressed, and therefore systematic exclusion after thorough investigation of all types of injury is warranted. Results The superiority of CT over chest radiography in diagnosing chest trauma is well documented. Moreover, with the advent of MDCT the imaging time for trauma patients has been significantly reduced to several seconds, allowing more time for appropriate post-diagnosis care. Conclusion High-quality multiplanar and volumetric reformatted CT images greatly improve the detection of injuries and enhance the understanding of mechanisms of trauma-related abnormalities.
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              Classification of parenchymal injuries of the lung.

              Pulmonary contusion, implying interstitial and alveolar injury without significant laceration, has been accepted as the primary lung injury in nonpenetrating chest trauma. Computed tomographic (CT) findings were compared with those of chest radiography in 85 consecutive patients with chest trauma in which there was a pulmonary radiodensity consistent with pulmonary contusion or patients with a history of severe chest trauma with normal parenchyma despite rib fractures, hemothorax, pneumothorax, or widened mediastinum. CT was found to be more sensitive than radiography in that 151 abnormalities (excluding rib fractures) were demonstrated on radiographs versus 423 abnormalities on CT scans, and 99 lacerations were seen on CT scans versus five on radiographs. Pulmonary lacerations were classified into four types on the basis of CT findings and mechanism of injury: compression rupture, compression shear, rib penetration, and adhesion tears. In these cases, pulmonary laceration was shown to be an integral component of the mechanism of injury in pulmonary contusion, pulmonary hematoma, pulmonary cyst or pneumatocele, or cavitation in pulmonary contusion.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Vet Sci
                Front Vet Sci
                Front. Vet. Sci.
                Frontiers in Veterinary Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2297-1769
                16 July 2019
                2019
                : 6
                : 237
                Affiliations
                Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Allegheny Veterinary Emergency Trauma & Specialty , Monroeville, PA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Kris Gommeren, University of Liège, Belgium

                Reviewed by: Esther Hassdenteufel, University of Giessen, Germany; Hilde De Rooster, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium

                *Correspondence: Natosha Mulholland mulholland@ 123456avets.com

                This article was submitted to Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science

                Article
                10.3389/fvets.2019.00237
                6646529
                922c13c4-f5de-462a-8658-851dfb8c31c7
                Copyright © 2019 Mulholland and Keir.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 16 December 2018
                : 02 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6, Words: 3686
                Categories
                Veterinary Science
                Case Report

                trauma,pulmonary,pseudocyst,dog,thoracic trauma,traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst

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